learning a second or foreign language requires the manipulation of four main skills, namely, listening, reading, speaking, and writing which lead to effective communication. it is obvious that vocabulary is an indispensible part of any communication, so without a vocabulary, no meaningful communication can take place and meaningful communication relies heavily on vocabulary. one fundamental fac...

  Background and Aim: Nowadays, the relationship between spirituality and general health has been of interest to psychologists. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between meaning of life and general health based on Frankles Logotherapy theory.   Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 240 out of 404 employees of Birjand University were selected through cluster ran...

Introduction: Changing the national System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is beneficial for all the industries of the countries, their workers and the general public. Increasing the awareness of chemical hazards, improving the safety uses, reducing chemical accidents, and providing better conditions f...

  Background and Aim: Quality of services in hospitals should be continuously evaluated in terms of structure, process, and outcome. The purpose of this study was to comparepatient satisfaction, physical space and medical equipment between governmental and privative hospitals in Qom, Iran.   Material and Method: In this descriptive-analytcal study, 500 patients from selected Qom hospitals were ...

 Background and Aim: Defensive medicine is a potential social problem which can bring about consequences for public health regarding the quality of personal care and wastage of limited health resources. In this study, the frequency of positive and negative defensive medicine behaviors was examined among general practitioners of Kerman city.  Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was...

Background: Health of hospital staff has a determinant role in increased productivity and since the main mission of hospitals is community health promotion, in order to achieve this important issue, monitoring, maintaining and improving general health is essential; this study developed to assess general health of staff affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences and identify its related...