Articular cartilage is a low-friction white connective tissue. The only cell type in articular are chondrocytes. They permit smooth articulation cartilage. have insufficient regenerative capacity. Response surface methodology very useful tool for the modelling of any processes using polynomials. This study investigated depth-dependent chondrocyte area from bovine Confocal microscope was utilize...

abstract: the combination of pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration and microwave drying of garlic bulbs were examined. the response surface methodology (rsm) was used to determine the effect of nacl concentration (8%-20%), osmotic solution temperature (25-65°c), operation pressure (240-830 mbar), immersion time (20-300 min) and microwave power level (100-600 w) on water loss (wl), solids gain (sg),...

: Unwanted water production from oil and gas reservoirs is a serious problem for producers. Preformed particle gel (PPG) treatment is a benefit approach to control excess water production. Swelling percentage of PPG samples in saline water is a key factor affecting the efficiency of the water conformance process. In this study, an efficient series of PPGs were synthesized and their swelling beh...

The design of hypersonic vehicles is influenced by tightly coupled interactions between aerodynamics, propulsion, and structures. Therefore, in the conceptual design phases, the identification and mitigation of potential problem areas and disciplinary interrelations are critical. Although the multidisciplinary character of hypersonic designs is well known, research in hypersonics is primarily f...

Several inverse reliability measures (e.g. Probabilistic Performance Measure (PPM) and Probabilistic Sufficiency Factor (PSF)) that are essentially equivalent have been introduced in recent years as measures of safety. The different names for essentially the same measure reflect the fact that different researchers focused on different advantages of inverse measures. These advantages include imp...

Many industrial experiments involve some factors whose levels are harder to set than others. The best way to deal with these is to plan the experiment carefully as a split-plot, or more generally a multi-stratum, design. Several different approaches for constructing splitplot type response surface designs have been proposed in the literature since 2001, which has allowed experimenters to make b...

A design process that included high and low fidelity modeling integrated through Kriging-based fits of the high fidelity results was developed and demonstrated on conventional and oblique wing designs. Additional design variables are required when higher fidelity models are introduced, and rather than sub-optimize the design (for example using additional design variables to minimize drag), the ...

Solubilization of sewage sludge creates favorable conditions for anaerobic microorganisms to produce biogas. In this paper, we quantify the effect of heating pretreatment on the degree of solubilization of sewage sludge. The pretreatment process was carried out using a lab-scale industrial microwave unit (2450 MHz frequency). Response surface analysis was applied to determine the combination of...