Trade promotions are the most important promotional tool available to a manufacturer. However trade promotions can achieve their objective of increasing short-term sales only if the retailer passes through these promotions. Empirical research has documented that there is a wide variation in retail pass-through across products. However little is known about the variations in pass-through over ti...

Dynamic Demand for New and Used Durable Goods without Physical Depreciation Masakazu Ishihara Doctor of Philosophy Joseph L. Rotman School of Management University of Toronto 2011 This thesis studies the interaction between new and used durable goods without physical depreciation. In product categories such as CDs/DVDs and video games, the competition from used goods markets has been viewed as ...

This paper examines how the ability of media firms to engage in targeted advertising has changed with increased competition from online channels. We find that the use of the Internet by magazine readers, as well as the availability of companion websites, increase the value of targeted advertising. This indicates a complementarity between offline and online media with respect to targeting. We pr...

Ultrasonography is the only practical method for obtaining images of the posterior segment of the eye when the light-conducting media are opaque. In this study, 182 dogs with ocular abnormalities presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology from December 2008-August 2010 were included. All the animals were subjected to detailed ophthalmic examination and B-scan ultrasonograph...

Introduction: Utilization of computed tomography (CT) scans is increasing annually. This study aimed to reduce the absorbed dose of sensitive organs in the head (eye lenses and thyroid) and to assess changes in resultant images quality in head scans when the radiation dose is decreased. Material and Methods: An anthropomorphic phantom was examined with head protocols in both helical and sectio...

Targets that are briefly flashed during smooth pursuit eye movements are mislocalized in the direction of motion (forward shift) and away from the fovea (spatial expansion). Hansen [Hansen, R. M. (1979). Spatial localization during pursuit eye movements. Vision Research 19(11), 1213-1221] reported that these errors are not present for fast motor responses in the dark, whereas Rotman et al. [Rot...

introduction: some fungi such as aspergillus, alternaria, cladosporium and fuzadium can peneterate matrix of contact lens. alternaria is a saprop and a pathogen in plants which is rarely seen in human being. this paper reported one case of contact lens contamination with alternaria in human. case report: the patient is a 24 year old woman who had used contact lens for 7 months. since she was on...

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder which is inherited by autosomal dominant traits. In MFS, lens displacement and cardiovascular involvement are important causes of morbidity and mortality in the clinical course of the disease. In this case study, the ocular involvement in a family with severe penetration of MFS is reported. Twelve members of a family (father, two daughters, three sons...

This paper reviews some recent developments in digital currency, focusing on platform-sponsored currencies such as Facebook Credits. In a model of platform management, we find that it will not likely be profitable for such currencies to expand to become fully convertible competitors to state-sponsored currencies. JEL Classification: D42, E4, L51 Bank Classification: bank notes, economic models,...