Losses of phosphorus (P) from fertilized fields may result in degradation water quality. Various initiatives are under evaluation to minimize contamination, including the adoption less soluble or coated P fertilizer formulations aiming mitigate losses runoff. Field-based rainfall simulators traditionally used evaluate runoff, but using these is time consuming, labor intensive, and costly given ...

Background This cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the average costs of breast cancer screening and treatment among women with the age of 25 and over in Shiraz-Iran.   Methods Three majors hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) were selected for data collection. Financial documents and interviews with the hospitals’ financial officers were used for da...

the prevalence of primary infection with t. gondii in pregnant women and risk of congenital infection in their neonates in various parts of tehran are unknown. the prevalence rate of antibodies to t. gondii ranges from 24% in tehran to 62.7% in babol. this study describes the epidemiology of toxoplasma infection in pregnant women in tehran and risk factors of congenital toxoplasmosis in newborn...