In this paper, a distributed synergetic control based on multi-agent systems is proposed to solve the problems of frequency and voltage errors, system stability and power sharing accuracy in the traditional droop control of microgrids. Starting with power flow equations, we build the secondary-order dynamic model of DG, which consists of three parts: (1) active power allocation; (2) active powe...

Pacemaker (HCN) channels are hyperpolarization-activated and their activity is enhanced by cyclic AMP (CAMP), but whether CAMP-gating is coupled to voltage-gating remains unresolved. With long hyperpolarizations, HCN channels form a secondary open state after the initial opening; this briefly sustains the activation of open channels after a return to a resting voltage. CAMP effects on the forma...

Abstract This paper presents the power flow modelling for AC/DC hybrid islanded microgrids including droop-controlled distributed generation units, secondary frequency and voltage restoration control AC side of microgrid, DC microgrid. The interlink converter between includes a frequency-voltage droop control, considers effect microgrid side. Two case studies are presented model evaluation, in ...