Historically, ethnic minority children and girls have underachieved in American schools. This paper examines the role that stereotypes play in imposing obstacles to success for stigmatized children inside and outside of the classroom. Stereotypes convey explanatory information about groups—such as blacks are lazy, girls are bad at math, and so forth—that may be used as attributions for performa...

The relationship between descriptive and prescriptive gender stereotypes and the performance expectations placed on female leaders was explored. Descriptive and prescriptive agency stereotypes were found to interact with leadership style, suggesting that prescriptive stereotypes might lead to bias against women by affecting performance expectations. This finding calls assumptions underlying the...

abstract in recent decades, because of the vast socio-cultural changes which occurred in iran, iranian women have experienced new values and identities and they have achieved more advanced education and consciousness, so that they oppose the gender stereotypes which attribute inferior characteristics to women and cause inequalities and limitations in their everyday life. although gender stereot...

OBJECTIVES Individuals' perceptions of their own age(ing) are important correlates of well-being and health. The goals of the present study were to (a) examine indicators of self-perceptions of aging across adulthood and (b) experimentally test whether age stereotypes influence self-perceptions of aging. METHOD Adults 18-92 years of age were presented with positive, negative, or no age stereo...