since its advent in 1867,the arabic novel has been under the influence of two factors. one factor is longing for the past, the other one is infatuation with the west and submission to its hegemony. in early 20th century, some novels were written in response to public taste and arab culture. this novel is considered by critics of fiction to be a turning point in the path of arabic fiction. at th...

Two things are striking about this medieval definition. The first is that it is very close to the modern conception of formal consequence one finds in Bolzano and Tarski3. The second is that although Buridan and the other fourteenth-century logicians state these distinctions with a great deal of precision, they say almost nothing about the point of the distinctions. Why are these distinctions d...

This paper develops a probabilistic reconstruction of the No Miracles Argument (NMA) in the debate between scientific realists and anti-realists. The goal of the paper is to clarify and to sharpen the NMA by means of a probabilistic formalization. In particular, I demonstrate that the persuasive force of the NMA depends on the particular disciplinary context where it is applied, and the stabili...