In this paper we analyze the cycle-to-cycle variations of maximum pressure pmax and peak pressure angle αpmax in a four-cylinder spark ignition engine. We examine the experimental time series of pmax and αpmax for three different spark advance angles. Using standard statistical techniques such as return maps and histograms we show that depending on the spark advance angle, there are significant...

Static code analysis originally concerned the extraction from source code of various properties of a program. Although this kind of reverse engineering approach can uncover errors that are hard to detect in other ways, it is not a very efficient use of resources because of its retrospective nature and the late error detection that results. The SPARK language and its associated Examiner tool too...

We report our results on non-periodic experimental time series of pressure in a spark ignition engine. The experiments were performed for a low rotational velocity of a crankshaft and a relatively large spark advance angle. We show that the combustion process has many chaotic features. Surprisingly, the reconstructed attractor has a characteristic butterfly shape similar to a chaotic attractor ...

Nowadays, a vast amount of data is generated and collected every moment and often, this data has a spatial and/or temporal aspect. To analyze the massive data sets, big data platforms like Apache Hadoop MapReduce and Apache Spark emerged and extensions that take the spatial characteristics into account were created for them. In this paper, we analyze and compare existing solutions for spatial d...

Voltage and current measurements of a laser preionization triggered spark gap switch (50 kV, 18 kA, 100 nsec} reveal a voltage drop across the gap of several kilovolts during the current plateau for a variety of gas mixtures. This voltage drop is much larger than what is generally believed to exist in a spark gap switch during the conduction phase. The reasons for the large voltage drop are exp...

Main Features »Suitable for 2-stroke, older 4-stroke and performance engines (racing). »Multiple spark output (see Table1). »Operates on reluctor, points or Hall effect signals. »Two points inputs for twin coil engines. »Usable to beyond 1000 sparks/second (equals 15,000 RPM for a V8). »Regulated 300V supply for consistent spark energy. »High frequency operation eliminates audible oscillator no...

Alternative fueled engines offer greater challenges for engine control courtesy of uncertain fuel composition. This make optimal tuning of input parameters like spark advance extremely difficult in most existing ECU architectures. This paper proposes the use of greybox extremum seeking techniques to provide real-time optimization of the spark advance in alternative fueled engines. The ability a...

A spark plug fuel injector (SPFI), which is a combination of a fuel injector and a spark plug was developed with the aim to convert any gasoline port injection spark ignition engine to gaseous fuel direct injection (Mohamad in Development of a spark plug fuel injector for direct injection of methane in spark ignition engine. PhD thesis, Cranfield University, 2006). A direct fuel injector is com...

-Clonogenic growth (colony-forming efficiency, CFE) of i.v. injected allogeneic W256 tumour cells in the lungs was markedly enhanced by treatment of rats with x-naphthyl thiourea (ANTU) injected i.p. from 2 h before to 2 h after the tumour cells. ANTU specifically increases pulmonary vascular permeability in adult rats and causes acute pulmonary oedema and pleural effusion. Inhibition of drug t...

Cluster computing frameworks such as Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark are commonly used to analyze large data sets. The analysis often involves running multiple, similar queries on the same data sets. This data reuse should improve query performance, but we find that these frameworks schedule query tasks independently of each other and are thus unable to exploit the data sharing across these task...