in isobaric models for inertial confinement fusion it is assumed that the target configurationat stagnation time (maximum compression) consists of two regions, hot spark and cold fuel, respectively.here the conditions of spark formation and ignition in hydrogen equimolar isotopes in central sparkignition are investigated and permissible values of hs and ts are evaluated numerically. by introduc...

Temperature is one of the effective parameters in erosion of spark plug electrodes. In this research, temperature of spark plug was measured in engine's different operation conditions with two types of fuels: compressed natural gas and gasoline. Test results showed that, temperature of center electrode is lower than ground electrode and maximum difference between them is 110ºC that occurs at...

gas motion within the cylinder is one of the major factors that control the combustion process in spark ignition engine. it also has significant impact on heat transfer. both the bulk gas motion and the turbulence characteristics of the flow are important and governing the overall behavior of the flow. an arrangement for obtaining a stratified charge, using port injection, is proposed for a cur...

Introduction: One of the most important human senses is vision, which its loss is causing many primary and secondary complications for physical and psychological health such as difficulties in static and dynamic balance. This study aimed to compare the effect of 8 weeks of Spark and Frenkel exercises training on the static and dynamic balance in blind people. ...

Spark is a new promising platform for scalable data-parallel computation. It provides several high-level application programming interfaces (APIs) to perform parallel data aggregation. Since execution of parallel aggregation in Spark is inherently non-deterministic, a natural requirement for Spark programs is to give the same result for any execution on the same data set. We present PURESPARK, ...

Ca(+) sparks are vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) Ca(2+)-release events that are mediated by ryanodine receptors (RyR) and promote vasodilation by activating large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium channels and inhibiting myogenic tone. We have previously reported that exposing rats to intermittent hypoxia (IH) to simulate sleep apnea augments myogenic tone in mesenteric arteries through...

The concept of minimum ignition energy (MIE) has traditionally formed the basis for studying ignition hazards of fuels. However, the viewpoint of ignition as a statistical phenomenon appears to be more consistent with the inherent variability in engineering test data. We have developed a very low-energy capacitive spark ignition system to produce short sparks with fixed lengths of 1 to 2 mm, an...

A survey of the development of the spark chamber from the spark counter is given. An effort has been made to clarify the early history of the device. Some unpublished recent Russian work on spark chambers is summarized. A consistent terminology for the various times relevant to spark chamber operation is suggested.

In this article, the electrode erosion and the gap growth of spark plugs were measured on of a CNG fueled engine after durability tests. Then, the required ignition voltage and the spark quality were investigated by a spark plug test rig. Considering results of measurements, the gap growth increased as the running time increased. Thus, the gap growth of spark plugs with 200 and 280 hours runnin...

The role of components in an Electrostatic Precipitator (EP) for a spark and both the phenomenon and mechanism of a spark are elaborated and then the type of spark is classified by the condition of shortage between the discharge and collecting electrodes. The secondary voltage and current waveforms of a spark are discussed in order to address the severe effect of the secondary and primary curre...