Abstract Some specific chemotherapeutic drugs are able to enhance tumor immunogenicity and facilitate antitumor immunity by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, immunosuppression induced the adenosine pathway hampers this effect. In study, E-selectin-modified thermal-sensitive micelles designed co-deliver a drug (doxorubicin, DOX) an A2A receptor antagonist (SCH 58261), which simulta...

transforming growth factor beta (tgf-b) is a mediator released by nearly all cell types. it has suppression activity on the immune system, but exactly how this effect is carried out is not clear. previous experiments showed that igg interacts with or carriers active tgf-b, that could suppresses cytotoxic t-cell responses to an immunogenic tumor in mice. since t cell receptor (tcr) has structura...

results before boosting, among 176 boosted individuals, 75 (42.6%) had hbsab 10 iu/l and were considered seroprotected. among 101 serosusceptible persons, more than 80% of boosted individuals showed more than twofold increase in cytokines concentration, which meant positive hbsag-specific cell-mediated immunity. mcl of both cytokines after boosting in giv were decreased more than twofold, possi...

A central question in tumour immunology is whether a tumour-specific immune response is capable of controlling tumour progression in cancer patients. Although several animal models have established the role of tumour-specific CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in antitumour immunity, a definitive role for these cells in tumour-specific immunity in patients with cancer has yet to be shown. I...

We examined immunity induced by subpatent blood-stage malaria (undetectable by microscopy) using the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi, postulating that limited infection may allow expansion of antigen-specific T cells that are normally deleted by apoptosis. After three infections drug cured at 48 h, mice were protected against high-dose challenge with homologous or heterolo...

tropical theileriosis is caused by infection of bovine myeloid mononuclear cells (monocytes and macrophages) and lymphoid cells (b lymphocytes) as well as red blood cells by the protozoan parasite theileria annulata. the disease is transmitted by ticks of the genus hyalomma. the clinical signs of theileriosis in stages appear from mild symptoms to serious, including fever and anemia to severe i...

Biotic stress and diseases caused by pathogen attack pose threats in crop production and significantly reduce crop yields. Enhancing immunity against pathogens is therefore of outstanding importance in crop breeding. However, this must be balanced, as immune activation inhibits plant growth. This immunity-coupled growth trade-off does not support resistance but is postulated to reflect the real...