Chlamydomonas reinhardtii displays a diurnal rhythm of starch content that peaks in the middle of the night phase if the algae are provided with acetate and CO(2) as a carbon source. We show that this rhythm is controlled by the circadian clock and is tightly correlated to ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity. Persistence of this rhythm depends on the presence of either soluble starch synthas...

Starch is the major source of food glucose and its digestion requires small intestinal alpha-glucosidic activities provided by the 2 soluble amylases and 4 enzymes bound to the mucosal surface of enterocytes. Two of these mucosal activities are associated with sucrase-isomaltase complex, while another 2 are named maltase-glucoamylase (Mgam) in mice. Because the role of Mgam in alpha-glucogenic ...

Eighty medium-framed yearling crossbreed heifers (357 kg) were used in a 110-d trial to evaluate the influence of dietary protein level (11 vs 14%) on the feeding value of dry rolled (DRC) and steam-flaked corn (SFC). All diets contained 1% urea, cottonseed meal (CSM) was the source of supplemental UIP. Steam flaking corn reduced DMI (9%, P < .10), and increased (P < .01) feed efficiency (14%),...

The structure of Raw and Processed Amaranth Grains starch was studied by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In this study, starch morphological differences were observed between raw and processed (Boiled, Roasted and popped) grains derived from the same cultivar. Among food carbohydrates, starch occupies a unique position. It is the major carbohydrate storage material in many higher plan...

OBJECTIVE Effects of nitrogen supplementation associated with different levels of starch on voluntary intake, digestibility, and rumen and metabolic characteristics of cattle fed low-quality tropical forage (Brachiaria decumbens hay, 7.4% crude protein, CP) were evaluated using ruminal and abomasal cannulated steers. METHODS Five European×Zebu young bulls (186 kg body weight, BW) were distrib...

Resistant Starch (RS) is one of nature’s most interesting bioactive compounds. There is a wide variety of starchy food plants in Thailand that are good sources of RS, but they have not been well studied. As such, this study was carried out to investigate the potential food source of RS. Twenty-two promising food plants were selected. The samples included (1) cereals comprised of five long grain...

The recently discovered fungal and bacterial polysaccharide monooxygenases (PMOs) are capable of oxidatively cleaving chitin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses that contain β(1→4) linkages between glucose or substituted glucose units. They are also known collectively as lytic PMOs, or LPMOs, and individually as AA9 (formerly GH61), AA10 (formerly CBM33), and AA11 enzymes. PMOs share several conserv...

Mutisya, J.M. 2004. Starch branching enzymes and their genes in sorghum. Doctor’s dissertation. ISSN 1401-6249, ISBN 91-576-6768-3 Starch is an important raw material both for food and non-food purposes. It is synthesized and stored in source and sink tissues in plants. The starch deposited in amyloplasts of storage tissues possesses several physico-chemical properties, which makes it desirable...

Thermococcus onnurineus NA1, a sulfur-reducing hyperthermophilic archaeon, is capable of H(2)-producing growth, considered to be hydrogenogenic carboxydotrophy. Utilization of formate as a sole energy source has been well studied in T. onnurineus NA1. However, whether formate can be used as its carbon source remains unknown. To obtain a global view of the metabolic characteristics of H(2)-produ...