anxiety is one of the symptoms in chronic schizophrenic patients. past research studies show that psychodrama as a group therapy is effective in treatment and rehabilitation of psychological disorders. the aim of this study is to explore the effect of psychodrama on the reduction of anxiety in schizophrenic patients. 26 male hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients were randomly assigned int...

Introduction: The surgical management of chronic frontal sinus disorders remains a challenge for rhinologists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the result of Draf III in a series of patients who underwent this procedure.   Materials and Methods: Twenty patients were included in this study. Demographic data, history of prior surgery, asthma,  aspirin sensitivity and Lund–Mackay score were r...

The diagnosis and treatment of rhinitis, sinusitis, and epistaxis during pregnancy present unique challenges to the otolaryngologist. Poorly controlled sinonasal disease may have significant adverse effects on the mother's quality of life and pregnancy outcomes and the lack of adequately controlled safety data limits the clinician's ability to make informed decisions about management. At the co...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS It is becoming increasingly important for clinicians to demonstrate the impact of their interventions. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) questionnaire is a disease-specific questionnaire involving 22 symptoms combining rhinologic issues with general health issues. We evaluated the SNOT-22 score as a quality-of-life outcome measure in septorhinoplasty surgery. STUD...

BACKGROUND The endoscopic transsphenoidal approach (eTSA) to lesions of the sellar region is typically performed jointly by neurosurgeons and otolaryngologists. Occasionally, the approach is significantly altered by sinonasal disease, anatomic variants, or previous surgery. However, there are no current guidelines that describe which physical or radiological findings should prompt a change in t...