Shrinking cities are widespread throughout the world despite the rapidly increasing global urban population. These cities are attempting to transition to sustainable trajectories to improve the health and well-being of urban residents, to build their capacity to adapt to changing conditions and to cope with major events. The dynamics of shrinking cities are different than the dynamics of growin...

the body of residential complexes is affected by social interactions between residents over time. of the most important places for social communications are bazaars as the backbone of iranian cities. ancient bazaar of babol in north of iran contains natural features which makes a special sense of place. this essay tries to answer to how concept of sense of place is presented and what are factor...

titania nanotubes (tnt) prepared by anodization of ti foils were used for water splitting in a standalone cell. the concentration polarization between the anode side (1m naoh) and cathode side (0.5 m h2so4) ensured that the water splitting reaction could take place with no external bias and separate h2 and o2 evolution could be achieved. the destruction of tnt structures under 365 nm uv irradia...

Central Place and Central Flow Theory are geographic principles explaining why and how cities develop across large regional spaces. Central Place Theory postulates that cities self-organize into a spatial hierarchy were small numbers of very large ‘Central Places’ support numerous surrounding and less developed ‘Low Places’, while ‘Middle Places’ develop at the periphery of where Central Places...