Since 8 April 2010 ESA’s Earth Explorer mission CryoSat-2 has been measuring marine and land ice thickness variations with a dedicated altimeter. With the effects of fast-changing climate becoming apparent, it is increasingly important to understand exactly how Earth’s fields are responding regulate sea level. It therefore utmost importance that quality altimeter data meets highest accuracy pre...

Extensive utilization increases the exposure of humans to Ag nanoparticles (NPs) via the oral pathway. To comprehensively address the action of Ag NPs to the gastrointestinal systems in real situations, i.e., the long-term low-dose exposure, we evaluated and compared the toxicity of three Ag NPs (20-30 nm with different surface coatings) to the human intestine cell Caco-2 after 1-day and 21-day...

For the leaf succulent Agave deserti and the stem succulent Ferocactus acanthodes, increasing the ambient CO(2) level from 350 microliters per liter to 650 microliters per liter immediately increased daytime net CO(2) uptake about 30% while leaving nighttime net CO(2) uptake of these Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants approximately unchanged. A similar enhancement of about 30% was found ...

The evasion of CO2 from inland waters, a major carbon source to the atmosphere, depends on dissolved inorganic (DIC) concentrations. Our understanding DIC dynamics across gradients climate, geology, and vegetation conditions however have remained elusive. To understand its large-scale patterns drivers, we collated instantaneous mean (multiyear average) concentrations about 100 rivers draining m...

background: phthalate esters have been shown to cause reproductive toxicity in both developing and adult animals. objective: this study was designed to assess long-term effects of maternal exposure to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dehp) on reproductive ability of both neonatal and adult male offspring. materials and methods: 60 female rats randomly divided in four equal groups; vehicle control a...

Introduction:The hippocampus is one for the major centers of learning and memory. Role of the opioid system has been investigated and on the other hand receptors related to this system such as mu-opioid receptors (MOR) are extended in the hippocampus. In this study the effect of Naloxone administration as a mu opioid receptor antagonist on passive avoidance memory in adult male rats was i...