Supermarkets and hypermarkets already dominate the markets of some larger cities, and their continued expansion from major cities into smaller cities is expected to further drive competition in the grocery retail sector. Of the various retail channels, hypermarkets are expected to have the most growth potential in the Chinese market and are benefitting from consumer trends toward convenience an...

Most skills acquired through on-the-job training may be specific to an occupation and therefore transferable to some but not all firms. However, economists have typically focused on skills that are either specific to a given firm or skills that are completely general. This paper explores the relationship between the size of the local market for an occupation-specific skill and job-training outc...

the objective of this study was to describe the role of electrical stimulation in controlling peripheral vertigo. in a prospective study on 13 healthy volunteers, nystagmus was induced with caloric stimulation and the interval of nystagmus disappearance was recorded. this time indicates the basal response of vestibular end-organ. after caloric irrigation, pulsed signal was applied for each pers...

Objective. To clarify the topographic and anatomical feature of perforating veins (PVs) in proximal part lower extremity. Methods. 70 amputated extremities from patients with severe ischemia were subjected to sectional study; 2800 varicose disease underwent extremity sonography. Results. PVs primarily located on medial surface thigh. In upper third thigh drain into superficial femoral vein. It ...

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility, and to estimate the in vitro fermentation parameters of palm leaves and pedicels from Ghars palm variety. A rumen in situ technique was also used to examine In vitro Digestible Dry Matter (IDDM), In vitro Digestible Crude Protein (IDCP), and In vitro Digestible Neutral Fiber (IDNF), and rate and extent o...

We introduce a method for detecting the presence of time variation and instabilities in the parameters of predictive regressions linking noisy variables such as stock returns to highly persistent predictors such as stock market valuation ratios. Our proposed approach relies on the least squares based squared residuals of the predictive regression and is trivial to implement. More importantly th...

A thin market is a market with few buying or selling offers. The concept of market thinness, while general, is typically used in the context of financial markets. When the number of buying or selling offers is small, investors' trading positions are large relative to market size. Trading then requires price concessions and thus exerts an impact on prices. A thin market is characterized by low t...

This paper studies the inventive performance and profitability of small and medium sized firms (SMEs) that are “technology specialists” compared to the inventive performance and profitability of SMEs that are instead vertically-integrated. In this paper perspective, “technology specialists” are firms that specialize upstream in generating inventions and trade those inventions in disembodied for...