Abstract: Scaling supply voltage of FinFET circuits is an efficient method to achieve low power dissipation. Superthreshold FinFET logic circuits can attain low power consumption with favorable performance, because FinFET devices operating on medium strong inversion regions can provide better drive strength than conventional CMOS transistors. The supply voltage of the super-threshold circuit is...

As the operating supply voltage for commercial CMOS devices falls below 2 V, research activities are underway to develop CMOS integrated circuits that can operate at supply voltages well under 1 V. Although dramatic power reductions can be achieved using low supply voltages in high performance applications, the increased subthreshold leakage that results when transistor threshold voltages are l...

In the ultra low power end of design spectrum when performance is of secondary importance, digital subthreshold logic circuits are more applicable than the regular MOS logic. In this paper, we propose two different subthreshold logic families: 1) variable threshold voltage subthreshold CMOS (VT-Sub-CMOS) and 2) subthreshold dynamic threshold voltage MOS (SubDTMOS) logic. Both these logic famili...

Growth factors and hormones induce differentiation of clonal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, which are derived from rat adrenal medulla chromaffin cells. On application of nerve growth factor (NGF), PC12 cells extend neurites and express properties characteristic of autonomic ganglion cells. In contrast, incubation of PC12 cells with a corticosteroid, dexamethasone (DEX), does not induce neurite...

This paper discusses the effects of MOSFET threshold voltage variations on the reliability of nanometer-scale CMOS logic gates. The reliability is quantified in terms of the probability-of-failure of individual CMOS gates, which is obtained from extensive Monte Carlo simulations of these gates. The study considers different nano-scale CMOS technology generations and compares the effect of thres...

This study proposes a new islanding detection method for use of grid-interconnected distributed generators (DG). The method is based on two indices: the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) and the rate of change of voltage (ROCOV). When a DG is grid-interconnected, the ROCOF and ROCOV are lower than the threshold value. In contrast, as an islanding occurs, the ROCOF or ROCOV become much higher ...

A theoretical model to interpret appearances of the threshold voltage shift in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film transistors (TFT’s) is developed to better understand the instability of a-Si:H TFT’s for the driving transistors in active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. This model assumes that the defect creation is proportional to the carrier density in a-S...

In this paper, the novel “tapered-Vth” approach to design energy-efficient CMOS buffers is introduced. In this approach, the substantial energy consumption due to leakage is reduced by tapering the threshold voltage throughout the buffer stages, other than tapering the transistor size. More specifically, the threshold voltage is progressively reduced when going from the last to the first stage....

The minimum supply voltage in low-voltage circuits can be defined as Vsup,min = 2(Vgs+Vsat) [1]. Low-voltage circuits are able to operate on a supply voltage of two stacked gate-source voltages and two saturation voltages. Differential amplifiers are biased with a transistor feeding a differential pair, where the current level is set by the bias transistor. The minimum input voltage in a NMOS i...

In present scenario, an increasing demand for mobile electronic devices such as cellular phones, laptop computers and personal digital assistants requires the use of power efficient circuits. To minimize the power dissipation and to increase the battery lifetime, the supply voltage, VDD has been scaled down continuously. So, scaling down the supply voltage, without scaling down the threshold vo...