This paper presents a new multi-objective Time-Cost Trade-Off (TCTO) model for Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) networks. The presented model helps crashing a project with little, or no, additional cost. As combinatorial optimization problems' finding optimal decisions are difficult and is time consuming; considering the number of possible permutations involved for TCTO optimization, th...

Existing methods dealing with the time–cost trade-off problem, which is encountered in project planning, have focused on the solution of a basic problem that does not adequately represent actual engineering projects. The aim of this paper is to develop a solution method considering additional realistic project characteristics such as generalised activity precedence relations and external time c...

We use the HOS model of international trade to find a link between trading costs and pattern of trade, not just its effect on volume of trade. We prove that higher trading costs in labor-abundant countries will restrict volume of world trade by working against factor endowment bias and conversely for the capital-abundant nation. Asymmetric trading cost between goods may have paradoxical output ...

Project Solutions. Increasing responsiveness is often dealt against decreasing another valuable resource. As responsiveness is a quality, the most significant resources in a software project to trade off are scope, cost, time, and other quality aspects. In a lot of systems, namely “embedded systems”, software is an integral part, but only one part of the system. Here trade-offs against hardware...

This paper discusses a novel transformation based design methodology and its use in the design of complex programmable VLSI systems. During the life cycle of a complex system the optimal trade-off between, partially, implementing in hardware or software is changing. This is due to varying system requirements (short time-to-market, low-cost, low-power etc.) and improving device technology. The p...

PROBLEM • Monotonically improve a parametric gaussian policy πθ in a continuous MDP, avoiding unsafe oscillations in the expected performance J(θ). • Episodic Policy Gradient: – estimate ∇̂θJ(θ) from a batch of N sample trajectories. – θ′ ← θ+Λ∇̂θJ(θ) • Tune step size α and batch size N to limit oscillations. Not trivial: – Λ: trade-off with speed of convergence← adaptive methods. – N : trade-off...