We transform historically observed line outages in a power transmission network into an influence graph that statistically describes how cascades propagate in the power grid. The influence graph can predict the critical lines that are historically most involved in cascading propagation. After upgrading these critical lines, simulating the influence graph suggests that these upgrades could mitig...

Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks are recurrent, occurring at irregular intervals of up to 15 years at least in East Africa. Between outbreaks disease inter-epidemic activities exist and occur at low levels and are maintained by female Aedes mcintoshi mosquitoes which transmit the virus to their eggs leading to disease persistence during unfavourable seasons. Here we formulate and analyse a ful...

We consider a large-scale of wireless ad hoc networks whose nodes are distributed randomly in a two-dimensional region (more specifically, a unit square). Given n wireless nodes V , each with transmission range rn, the wireless networks are often modeled by graph G(V; rn) in which two nodes are connected if and only if their Euclidean distance is no more than rn. We first consider how to relate...

The bison (Bison bison) of the Yellowstone ecosystem, USA, exemplify the difficulty of conserving large mammals that migrate across the boundaries of conservation areas. Bison are infected with brucellosis (Brucella abortus) and their seasonal movements can expose livestock to infection. Yellowstone National Park has embarked on a program of adaptive management of bison, which requires a model ...

With the advent of advanced technology in smart grid, the implementation of renewable energy in a stressed and complicated power system operation, aggravated by a competitive electricity market and critical system contingencies, this will inflict higher probabilities of the occurrence of a severe dynamic power system blackout. This paper presents the proposed stochastic event tree technique use...

Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI)-inducing endosymbiotic bacteria, such as Wolbachia and Cardinium, have been well studied through field data and validations on the basis of numerical simulations. However, the analytically derived equilibrium frequency of multiple infections has not yet been determined, although the equilibrium for cases of single infection has been reported. In this study, we c...

Introduction. The 2015-2017 Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas has driven efforts to strengthen surveillance systems and to develop interventions, testing, and travel recommendations. In the continental U.S. and Hawaii, where limited transmission has been observed, detecting local transmission is a key public health objective. We assessed the effectiveness of three general surveillance ...

The Persian Gulf and its shores are important and strategic areas with a large variety of fish species. Betanodavirus infection is known to be a serious threat to susceptible fish and causing economic damages to the fisheries and fishing industry. Concerning to isolation and confirmation of VNN virus in the Mullet fish (Chelon aurata and C. saliens) in the Caspian Sea and its damages on Mullet ...