Drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has been reported since the early days of introduction of antitubercular chemotherapy, but recently multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), has been an area of growing concern, and is posing threat to global efforts of tuberculosis control. Prevalence of MDR-TB, in a community mirrors the functional state and efficacy of tuberculosis control programme and...

In this paper, we present a mathematical model for the study of resistance to tuberculosis treatment using fractional derivatives in Caputo sense. This takes into account relationship between Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and diabetes differentiates cases MDR-TB (multidrug-resistant tuberculosis) XDR-TB (extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis). We basic results associated with behavior disease-free ...

Although the effective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis, Mtb) is primarily due to cell-mediated immunity, the mechanisms by which T cells participate in the control of infection are still not completely understood. The importance of CD8+ T cells in the immune response to tuberculosis has been recognized by many researchers [1]. Experimental evidence from the m...

BACKGROUND Case detection is an important component of tuberculosis control programmes. It helps identify sources of infection, treat them, and thus break the chain of infection. OBJECTIVE To determine the reasons of low tuberculosis case detection in Gokwe Districts, Zimbabwe. METHODS A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted. We used interviewer administered questionnaire for nurs...

Tuberculosis is a worldwide health problem posing increasing threat with the spread of HIV infection and drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Consequently, control of this disease has become a significant challenge despite the availability of chemotherapy and BCG vaccine. Drug resistance for all first-line anti-tuberculosis agents and some second-line agents has been observed. Mor...

DNA fingerprinting was used to evaluate epidemiologically linked case pairs found during routine tuberculosis (TB) contact investigations in seven sentinel sites from 1996 to 2000. Transmission was confirmed when the DNA fingerprints of source and secondary cases matched. Of 538 case pairs identified, 156 (29%) did not have matching fingerprints. Case pairs from the same household were no more ...

Although the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has increased in healthcare workers (HCWs) [1–3], several studies have shown that HCWs are not compliant with screening and/or preventive measures [4–7]. For example, a Portuguese study found that the estimated TB incidence was threeto seven-fold higher in HCWs than in the general population [8]. Latent TB infection (LTBI) diagnosis and treatment cons...

BACKGROUND Two-thirds of the tuberculosis (TB) cases in Norway were discovered among immigrants. Some cases were discovered at arrival, but many develop the disease several years post-migration. Knowledge about how long after migration to Norway TB were discovered will enable us to better target preventive measures including preventive therapy. This study examines the long-term risk of TB among...

BACKGROUND Timely tuberculosis treatment initiation and compliance are the two key factors for a successful tuberculosis control program. However, studies to understand patents' perspective on tuberculosis treatment initiation and compliance have been limited in Ethiopia. The aim of this study is to attempt to do that in rural Ethiopia. METHODS This qualitative, phenomenological study conduct...