large intercoronary communications in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease constitute a very rare coronary artery anomaly in which there is a readily visible connection between the 2 coronary arteries with a unidirectional or bidirectional blood flow; consequently, this anomaly may be misinterpreted as a functioning collateral vessel, indicative of an unrecognized proximal coronar...

This paper combines quasi-Z-source into a typical five-level inverter, which includes two dc voltage sources, two quasi-Z-sources and five switching devices. In this structure, the output voltage amplitude is not limited to dc voltage source and it can be increased by quasi-Z-source. Besides, due to nature of Z-source families, this new structure is reliable and higher efficiency. Also, in this...

Multilevel inverters with a common-ground structure and voltage step-up feature are beneficial for transformerless grid-connected photovoltaic applications. In this article, novel topology of such converters five-level output generation is presented. The proposed comprises an integrated switched-boost (SB) module dual T-type (D2T) cell constructed 10 power switches (six unidirectional two bidir...

In this paper, several optimum structures of a cascaded multilevel inverter is proposed. This optimization is based on generation a constant number of output voltage levels by using minimum number of power switches or dc voltage sources or minimum amount of blocked voltage by power switches. In addition, the optimum structure for a constant number of dc voltage sources by using minimum number o...

This study proposes a modular multilevel inverter for low-voltage applications, including ac-coupled renewables and energy storage systems. These inverters require many switches gate drivers in their structures, which complicates the control system, reduces efficiency, increases costs. introduces new that can produce five levels of positive voltage using only six power DC sources. The basic uni...