Debate about the substitutability of manufactured, natural, human, and social capital is at the heart of sustainability theory. Sociology can contribute to this debate by examining the processes and mechanisms by which one form of capital is substituted for another. The authors examine the substitution among different forms of capitals at China’s Wolong Nature Reserve, where the consumption of ...

I would like to thank my advisors, Joel Mokyr, Joe Ferrie, and Joe Altonji, for their helpful comments. I also benefited from conversations with Henry Siu, Jim Sullivan and Chris Taber, and from input from workshop participants at Northwestern University and participants of the 2002 All-UC Group in Economic History Conference and the 2002 Cliometrics Conference. Justin Hayes and Humphrey Southa...

Migration and Urban Poverty and Inequality in China Using data from recent surveys of migrants and local residents in 10 cities in 2005, this paper examines how migration influences measurements of urban poverty and inequality in China, and also compares how other indicators of well-being differ for migrants and local residents. Contrary to previous studies that report that the income poverty r...

s The purpose of this paper is to explain the determinants of migration in Korea with the ratio of farm to unskilled urban wages using the time series data according to the Todaro hypothesis with the VAR approaches for capturing the short-run behavior of each variable and that analyzes the overall fluctuation of internal migration based on white noise disturbances. The test results show that th...

The global increase in refugee migration to urban areas creates challenges pertaining to the promotion of refugee health, broadly conceived. Despite considerable attention to trauma and forced migration, there is relatively little focus on how refugees cope with stressful situations, and on the determinants that facilitate and undermine resilience. This article examines how urban Congolese refu...

Determinant factors of dengue global epidemiology trends include, but are not limited to: 1) demographic changes including population growth, economical trends in tropical countries and land use patterns; 2) increased urban population size and density due to rural to urban migration 3) modern transportation with increased movement of people, commodities, animals, vectors and pathogens; and 4) c...

Cities experience significant, near random walk productivity shocks, yet population is slow to adjust. In practise local population changes are dominated by variation in net migration, and we argue that understanding gross migration is essential to quantify how net migration may slow population adjustments. Housing is also a natural candidate for slowing population adjustments because it is dif...

Using population and product consumption data from the Demographic and Health Surveys I construct comparable measures of inequality and migration for 65 countries, including some of the poorest countries in the world. I find that the urban-rural gap accounts for 40% of mean country inequality and much of its cross-country variation. One out of every four or five individuals raised in rural area...

This paper is a theoretical study of rural-urban migration—urbanization—as it has occurred in many low-income economies in the postwar period. This process is viewed as a transfer of labor from a traditional, land-intensive technology to a human capital–intensive technology with an unending potential for growth. The model emphasizes the role of cities as places in which new immigrants can accum...