This paper assesses the relationship among energy consumption, financial development, economic growth, industrialization and urbanization in Tunisia from 1971 to 2008. The autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach to cointegration and Granger causality tests is employed for the analysis. The result confirms the existence of long-run relationship among energy consumption, economic g...

OBJECTIVES We evaluated the role of poverty in racial/ethnic disparities in HIV prevalence across levels of urbanization. METHODS Using national HIV surveillance data from the year 2009, we constructed negative binomial models, stratified by urbanization, with an outcome of race-specific, county-level HIV prevalence rates and covariates of race/ethnicity, poverty, and other publicly available...

The Romans were perhaps the most impressive exponents of water resource management in preindustrial times with irrigation and virtual water trade facilitating unprecedented urbanization and socioeconomic stability for hundreds of years in a region of highly variable climate. To understand Roman water resource management in response to urbanization and climate variability, a Virtual Water Networ...

Changes in biodiversity owing to vegetation degradation resulting from widespread urbanization demands serious attention. However, the connection between vegetation degradation and urbanization appears to be complex and nonlinear, and deserves a series of long-term observations. On the basis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the image’s digital number (DN) in nighttime st...

In this paper, the process of urbanization in the current one-sided pursuit of quantity and speed of urbanization, ignoring the inherent quality of urbanization, from the perspective of the development of intensive urbanization, proposed intensive urbanization ideas: From the agglomeration of population, space intensive, industrial clusters defined in terms of the connotation of intensive urban...

Dehghani et al. well elucidated the role of urbanization and life style on epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) dispersal in Iran based on the ecological research data. The authors have raised the issue of "Urbanization" and attributed the growing prevalence of MS to the environmental factors, the rising trend of migration to urban areas and changes of lifestyle (1). Currently, there are int...

The South African Sugar Association Experiment Station, Agricultural Engineering Department conducted a series of semi-mechanised versus fully mechanised harvesting trials on a large commercial estate in Swaziland over the 1998/1999, 2000/2001 and 2001/2002 seasons. During the trials machinery performance was measured, differences in the quality of cane delivered to the factory were determined,...