OBJECTIVE Preoperative anxiety influences the result of the treatment in patients. To assess preoperative anxiety the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) [1] was developed. The APAIS measures anxiety and the need-for-information with 6 items, with good reliability and validity. This article presents the first test of the German version of this screening instrument. ME...

background: the present study aimed to translate and evaluate the reliability and validity of the persian version of the 11-item intermittent and constant osteoarthritis pain (icoap) measure in iranian subjects with knee osteoarthritis (koa). materials and methods: the icoap questionnaire was translated according to the manufacturers alliance for productivity and innovation (mapi) protocol. the...

Planned Human Resource Development is critical to educating a skilled and efficient workforce. The present study aimed at identifying the main factors of planned human resource development in Iranian Social Security Organization Hospitals. The study is done through analysis of a questionnaire designed after identification of the main variables. Iran Social Security Organisation hospitals (the m...

a number of 1810 members of the water user associations (wuas) of jarghouyeh district consisted the statistical population of the study, out of which 150 farmers were selected as sample using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. a questionnaire was developed for gathering the data and information. content validity and cronbach alpha proved both the validity and reliability of the...

awareness of the perception of farmers toward cooperation is an important step for developing the role of cooperatives in rural economy. the purpose of this descriptive-correlational study was to investigate perception of farmers toward cooperation. the statistical population for the study consisted of farmer heads of families in the rural society of kermanshah township (n=24391). three hundred...

Nine Clostridium perfringens strains were isolated from fifteen intestinal content samples collected from commercial broilers which suffered from necrotic enteritis NE. Molecular typing of C. perfringens was performed by PCR using three sets of primers specific for toxin -producing genes of C. perfringens [alpha (900bp), beta (236bp) and epsilon (541bp)]. Six strains of C. perfringens type A an...