Type B trichotecens such as deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV) and zearalenone (ZEN) are mycotoxins contaminating wheat and wheat dust. Mycotoxins are toxic upon ingestion and considered potentially toxic when inhaled. Whereas dietary exposure to mycotoxins is controlled in food, data on occupational exposure by inhalation b...

For estimation of grain yield in wheat, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is considered as a potential screening tool. Field experiments were conducted to scrutinize the response of NDVI to yield behavior of different wheat cultivars and nitrogen fertilization at agronomic research area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF) during the two years 2008-09 and 2009-10. For recordi...

For important food crops such as wheat and rice, grain yield depends on grain number and size. In rice (Oryza sativa), GW2 was isolated from a major quantitative trait locus for yield and encodes an E3 RING ligase that negatively regulates grain size. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) has TaGW2 homologues in the A, B, and D genomes, and polymorphisms in TaGW2-A were associated with grain width. Here, t...

Analogies are often theoretically useful. Important principles of electricity are suggested by an analogy between water flowing through a pipe and electricity “flowing” through a wire, with voltage corresponding to pressure, amperage corresponding to the current, and so on. A basic theory of sound is suggested by an analogy between waves caused by a stone being dropped into a still lake and “so...

In this experiment the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum on the flag leaf and spike rachis anatomical features and also on grain yield and grain weight was investigated for the first time in bread and durum wheats during 2015-2016 growing season under semi-arid condition. The crop yield increased due to the inoculation with Azospirillum with a maximum yield increase of about 8.0 per cent ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although the apical development of wheat has been widely described, studies analysing how genetic breeding over the 20th century influenced the developmental phases and its consequences on yield generation are lacking, especially for durum wheat under field conditions in Mediterranean environments. The aims of this study were to analyse the effects of breeding in Spain and I...