ionospheric slab thickness is defined as the ratio of tec to maximum electron density of the f-region (nmf2), proportional to the square of the f2-layer critical frequency (fof2). it is an important parameter in that it is linearly correlated with scale height of the ionosphere, which is related to electron density profile. it also reflects variation of the neutral temperature. therefore, ionos...

Convex 1-D first-order total variation (TV) denoising is an effective method for eliminating signal noise, which can be defined as convex optimization consisting of a quadratic data fidelity term and a non-convex regularization term. It not only ensures strict convex for optimization problems, but also improves the sparseness of the total variation term by introducing the non-convex penalty fun...

this paper presents the jeffery hamel flow of a non-newtonian fluid namely casson fluid. suitable similarity transform is applied to reduce governing nonlinear partial differential equations to a much simpler ordinary differential equation. variation of parameters method (vpm) is then employed to solve resulting equation. same problem is solved numerical by using runge-kutta order 4 method. a c...

In this paper, the differential transform method and Padé approximation (DTM-Padé) is applied to obtain the approximate analytical solutions of the MHD flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid over a nonlinearly stretching permeable sheet in porous. The similarity solution is used to reduce the governing system of partial differential equations to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations...

in this paper, the concept of conjectural variation (cv) is used to specify optimal generation decision for generation companies (gencos). the conjecture of genco is defined as its belief or expectation about the reaction of rivals to change of its output. using cv method, each genco has to learn and estimate strategic behaviors of other competitors from available historical market operation da...

A modified 2D focusing inversion method for gravity data is presented in this paper. This iterative inversion method minimizes the area of the causative body and yields a compact density distribution. In order to find the required number of iterations for maximum compactness of the density distribution, the parameter variation function is proposed as a stopping criterion in the inversion proced...