PEMFCs depend on proper water management to obtain high power density and energy efficiency. Traditionally, water management has been addressed by system design and engineering. That is, by adding auxiliary systems to the basic fuel cell system to provide humidification to the anode and remove water from the cathode. This approach adds significant complexities and costs and reduces the overall ...

Intensification of land use and urbanisation in New Zealand are compromising the quality of surface waters. Managing the environmental load of microbes from diffuse sources, such as agriculture, is particularly challenging. Microbial contamination of water is a complex area of environmental management, and our understanding of the subject is incomplete. Many different stakeholders are involved ...

background: quality management is one of the most effective strategies for improving the health systems performance in developed and developing countries. the main goal of this study was identifying the most important aspects of quality management and preparing an appropriate model for health system. method: this research was a comparative study on quality management models in the health system...

irrigation with saline water needs to the different managements to reduce the harmful effects of salinity on plants, soil and the environment. simulation models are the useful tool to irrigation management in conditions of soil and water salinity because, they can predict crop yield and soil conditions considering to different climate, plant and management practices. in this study, the saltmed ...