What are the effects of snow fence variables on wind patterns, and geometry and volume of snow collected in drifts? This question arose from a need to capture winter’s blowing snow to improve water supply during a drought and to protect critical areas from blowing snow. Last year, during the first phase of this project, various powders were tested to find which would closely replicate snow in a...

Storm surge is dependent on wind direction, with maximum surge heights occurring when strong winds blow onshore. It is less obvious what happens when a port city is situated at the end of a long narrow gulf, like Venice at the northwestern end of the Adriatic Sea. Does the narrow marine approach to the port city limit the dangerous wind direction to a span of only a few degrees? This modeling s...

An assessment on the scientific impact of random errors in wind direction (< 45°) retrieved from space-based observations under weak wind (< 7 m/s) conditions was made. Half of the winds over global oceans are below 7 m/s, in their long-term averages, and these weak winds cover most of the tropical, subtropical , and coastal oceans. Introduction of these errors in the semi-daily winds causes, o...

Over large regions of Antarctica, ice sheet and bedrock topography and the snow deposition, drift, and erosional environment combine to produce roughness on various scales. The roughness influences the microwave backscattering and emission properties of the surface, introducing azimuth-angle dependencies in the satellite observation data. In this paper we explore the use of data from SeaWinds o...

Computer model experiments are applied to analyze hypoxia reductions for opposing wind directions under various speeds and durations in the north–south oriented, two-layer-circulated Chesapeake estuary. Wind’s role in destratification is the main mechanism in short-term reduction of hypoxia. Hypoxia can also be reduced by wind-enhanced estuarine circulation associated with winds that have down-...

Doppler lidars are frequently operated in a mode referred to as arc scans, wherein the lidar beam scans across a sector with a fixed elevation angle and the resulting measurements are used to derive an estimate of the nminute horizontal mean wind velocity (speed and direction). Previous studies have shown that the uncertainty in the measured wind speed originates from turbulent wind fluctuation...

The effect of a continuous-wave (cw) laser based anemometer's probe volume on the measurement of wind turbulence is studied in this paper. Wind speed time series acquired by both a remote sensing cw laser anemometer, whose line-of-sight was aligned with the wind direction, and by a reference sensor (sonic anemometer) located in the same direction, were used. The spectral transfer function, whic...

Wind turbines in a wind farm, influence each other through the wind flow. Downwind turbines are in the wake of upwind turbines and the wind speed experienced at downwind turbines is hence a function of the wind speeds at upwind turbines but also the momentum extracted from the wind by the upwind turbine. This paper establishes flow models relating the wind speeds at turbines in a farm. So far, ...

A mathematical model is used to simulate the effect of wind conditions on men's and women's 200-m times. Four questions are posed: What is the effect of constant winds on 200-m performance? What is the effect of varying wind speed and direction? What is the effect of the lane allocation? How do wind conditions affect the velocity profile? The race is simulated for winds with constant velocity a...