In this paper, we study the quantum-state estimation problem in framework of optimal design experiments. We first find designs about arbitrary qubit models for popular optimality criteria such as A-, D-, and E-optimal designs. also give one-parameter family which includes these criteria. then extend a classical result problem, Kiefer-Wolfowitz theorem, to system showing D-optimal is equivalent ...

the main purpose of this paper is analyses the short and long run relationship between budget deficit and trade deficit in some mena countries. the data cover the period from 1971-2000 (and for i.r. iran 1 959-2003).the relationship between these variables will be analyses in short and long run by using johansen cointegration tests, ecm, and granger causality test. the empirical evidence provid...

in this paper, nonlinear adjustments and price transmission mechanism between the two levels of wholesale and retail for the egg market has been examined under the threshold vector error correction model (tvecm) framework using hansen and seo (2002)’s two-regimes). the unit root test showed that both wholesale and retail egg price series were integrated of order one . the johansen co-integratio...

crude oil price and the u.s. effective exchange rate are two main economic variables that have had real effects on world welfare situation. the aim of this paper is to test whether there is a stable long-run relationship between oil prices and the u.s. dollar, expressed in real term. to this end, we perform co-integration and causality tests between the two variables, using quarterly data from ...

Information and communication technology (ICT) energy consumption have substantially increased use over the last decade. It has become one of essential aspects for improving standard life many people. This study investigates impact internet on carbon emissions (CO2 emissions) using annual data from 1990 to 2019. For this investigation, ADF PP unit root tests were applied with Zivot-Andrews stru...