This memo reviews the requirements for using the ALMA array as a part of a global VLBI array at millimeter wavelengths. ALMA can be outfitted for VLBI at modest cost and should be planned with this capability in mind, as it may be more difficult to retrofit at a later date. The essential features required in the ALMA design are discussed.

Background and Aim: Tubular penetration of root canal sealers prevents filling material displacement and overgrowth of microorganisms in dentinal tubules. The aim of this study was to compare the tubular penetration of AH26, EasySeal, and SureSeal sealers in single-rooted teeth using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: Fifty human single-rooted teeth were included in thi...

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With the rapid development of computational techniques and hardware, more rigorous and precise theoretical models have been used to predict the binding affinities of a large number of small molecules to biomolecules. By employing continuum solvation models, the MM/GBSA and MM/PBSA methodologies achieve a good balance between low computational cost and reasonable prediction accuracy. In this stu...

The Soret effect, as it occurs in the diffusion of solutes in crystals, is analyzed using the principle of microscopic reversibility whereby an approach is developed for interpreting and computing Q*, the heat of transport. To compute the transport of energy during the diffusion jump process, and then Q*, the processes of thermal activation to the transition state and the decay from the transit...