ion An abstraction process occurs when the subject focuses attention on specific properties of a given object and then considers these properties in isolation from the original. This might be done, for example, to understand the essence of a certain phenomenon, perhaps later to be able to apply the same theory in other cases to which it applies. Such application of an abstract theory would be a...

Abstract data types are used to control the complexity of developing serial programs. They promote modular programming by encapsulating state and operations on that state. In parallel environments abstract data types must also encapsulate the synchronization required to correctly sequence the invocation of specific operations. An abstract data type is implicitly synchronized if it completely en...

It is thought that the ability to learn and follow abstract rules relies on intact prefrontal regions including the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). To learn more about the differences between LPFC and OFC in rule learning, we tested monkeys with bilateral removals of either LPFC or OFC on a rapidly learned task requiring the formation of the abstract concept...

The generalization hypothesis of abstract-concept learning was tested with a meta-analysis of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella), and pigeons (Columba livia) learning a same/different (S/D) task with expanding training sets. The generalization hypothesis states that as the number of training items increases, generalization from the training pairs will increase and ...

Abstract. We propose a method to incrementally compute and use, during the concept formation, the relevance of a concept property. This relevance is computed through the account of the property correlation with other ones and it is used by the concept quality function in order to improve predictive accuracy. The proposed approach is analyzed concerning both the prediction power of the generated...

We introduce a methodology for concept learning from texts that relies upon second-order reasoning about statements expressed in a ((rst-order) terminological representation language. This metareasoning approach allows for quality-based evaluation and selection of alternative concept hypotheses. Abstract We introduce a methodology for concept learning from texts that relies upon second-order re...

ness and Temporal Extension: As abstract concepts we regard all those entities the denotation of which we cannot touch with our hands and which are not part or a collection of entities which can be touched. Stones, scree and atoms are concrete, ideas and good are not. Adjectives derived from concrete nouns (e.g. stony) are coded as concrete in their literal meaning since they inherit the refere...

We introduce a methodology for concept learning from texts that relies upon second-order reasoning about statements expressed in a ((rst-order) terminological representation language. This metareasoning approach allows for quality-based evaluation and selection of alternative concept hypotheses. Abstract We introduce a methodology for concept learning from texts that relies upon second-order re...