The academic job search process, and the applications and reference letters that are constitutive elements of that process, are central to the creation and re-creation of a discipline. Disciplines and departments renew and re-create themselves—or do not, and merely replicate themselves—through hirings. A job search process can serve to hinder changes in the membership, culture, “look,” and the ...

Job Satisfaction within the Scottish Academic Profession This paper considers job satisfaction in the academic labour market drawing upon a particularly detailed data set of 900 academics from five traditional Scottish Universities. Recent studies have revealed that in the labour force as a whole women generally express themselves as more satisfied with their jobs than men. Our results show tha...

The quest to obtain job satisfaction is not an easy task. Most of the time it will comes together with job stress. Managing and handling job stress is a must and it is a challenging task. Able to control job stress will increase the productivity while failure to manage will lead to many problems in the workplace. A challenging career as an engineer usually leads to many types of job stress. Job...

Social science research has long recognized the relevance of socioeconomic background for mobility and inequality. In this article we interrogate how why working-class first-generation backgrounds are especially meaningful take as our case in point professoriate discipline sociology, – i.e., a field that intellectually prioritizes attention to group inequality arguably offers conservative empir...

English academic writing has some specific characteristics that have been broadly defined by researchers. Nevertheless, English is undergoing constant modification as a result of being used as a lingua franca by international speakers. In this paper, my main objective is to determine whether language variation may be identified in cross-cultural communication when modal verbs of ability and pos...