The 1990s witnessed a worldwide trend toward electricity sector reforms in developed and developing economies. These reforms have generally been based on private participation, regulatory reform, and competition in the sector. This paper reviews and draws lessons from the reform experience in developing countries. Developing countries have had to reform technically and financially less efficien...

Working-age people with disabilities are much more likely than people without disabilities to live in poverty and not be employed or have shared in the economic prosperity of the late 1990s. Today's disability policies, which remain rooted in paternalism, create a "poverty trap" that recent reforms have not resolved. This discouraging situation will continue unless broad, systemic reforms promo...

background one of the main objectives of health systems is the financial protection against out-of-pocket (oop) health expenditures. oop health expenditures can lead to catastrophic payments, impoverishment or poverty among households. in iran, health sector evolution plan (hsep) has been implemented since 2014 in order to achieve universal health coverage and reduce the oop health expenditures...

Background The impact of reorganisation on health services delivery is a recurring issue in every healthcare system. In 2005 Vietnam reorganised the delivery of health services at the district level by splitting preventive, curative, and administrative roles. This qualitative study explored how these reforms impacted on the organisation of maternal health service delivery at district and commun...

The defeat of the Shipley National government in 1999 marked the end of a fifteen-year experiment in which New Zealand governments undertook some of the most radical free-market reforms ever attempted in a developed economy. Although some reforms produced the desired outcome, it is now clear that the reforms as a whole did not produce the results hoped for by their advocates. New Zealand's econ...

Recent substantive reforms to the English National Health Service expanded patient choice and encouraged hospitals to compete within a market with fixed prices. This study investigates whether these reforms led to improvements in hospital quality. We use a difference-in-difference-style estimator to test whether hospital quality (measured using mortality from acute myocardial infarction) improv...

At universities, educating students on real-life practices is one of the key drivers in a changing academic environment. Academic institutions encourage the study of the learning environment and ensure that appropriate strategies are in place for educating students. A first-year Accounting I student stated the importance of computerised accounting: “Computerised accounting is used in the workpl...

Title of Dissertation: Essays on Inequality and Reforms: Evidence from India Utsav Kumar, Doctor of Philosophy, 2007 Directed By: Assistant Professor Nuno Limão, Department of Economics Economic reforms along with its promise of increasing income and growth rates have also raised concerns about its distributional implications. These concerns are at the heart of the arguments of those who oppose...

Most people accept that structural and labour market reforms are needed in Europe. However few have been undertaken. The usual conjecture is that reforms are costly in economic performance and costly to finance. Blanchard and Giavazzi (2003) and Spector (2004) develop a general equilibrium model with imperfect competition to show the impact of labour or product market deregulation. We extend th...