Naturally, the system suffers all of the omissions of ICD-9. For example, "AIDS" and "ARC" were not recognized, nor was "Acquired" exactly right for AIDS, because that gave me "acquired immunodeficiency-279.3." Not to worry, however; the program has a nice feature that lets you add diagnoses to the dictionary, so I added AIDS and ARC to the dictionary with fictitious codes, and they were immedi...

In this paper, we survey current evidence on cognitive precursors of reading in different orthographies by reviewing studies with a cross-linguistic research design. Graphic symbol knowledge, phonological awareness, morphological and rapid automatized naming were found to be associated acquisition all investigated. However, apart from naming, association is mostly interactive, meaning that youn...

Most predictive writing systems are based on n-gram model with different size. Systems designed for English are easier than those for flective languages since even smaller models allow reasonable coverage. However, the same corpus size is significantly insufficient for languages with many word forms. The paper presents a new predictive writing system based on n-grams calculated from a large cor...

Should an alphabetic orthography for a tone language include tone marks? Opinion and practice are divided along three lines: zero marking, phonemic marking and various reduced marking schemes. This paper examines the success of phonemic tone marking for Dschang, a Grassfields Bantu language which uses tone to distinguish lexical items and some grammatical constructions. Participants with a vari...

Reading in many alphabetic writing systems depends on both item-specific knowledge used to read irregular words (sew, yacht) and generative spelling-sound knowledge used to read pseudowords (tew, yash). Research into the neural basis of these abilities has been directed largely by cognitive accounts proposed by the dual-route cascaded and triangle models of reading. We develop a framework that ...

!e spare white screen that opens María Mencía’s interactive Flash work, Another Kind of Language (2001), offers three choices to its users, presets that will determine the language of the typographic and sonographic field: A (Arabic), C (Mandarin Chinese), or E (English).1 !e structure of each is the same: mousing over the screen reveals fragments of linguistic signs and phonemes vocalized in b...

Introduction Reading involves complex information processes, and most of all it needs expertise in transforming the visual word form into auditory representation, namely orthography-to-phonology transformation (OPT). There are two theories debating about the information processes in OPT. Dural-route theory [1] asserts two independent routes responsible for processing highly used or irregular wo...

Moyamoya disease is an unusual form of occlusive, cerebrovascular disorder that affects the arteries of the central nervous system, causing acquired language alterations and learning difficulties. The study aim was to describe the oral/written language and cognitive skills in a seven-year-and-seven-month-old girl diagnosed with Moyamoya disease. The assessment consisted of interviews with her p...