Recovery of metabolites from fermentation broth by solvent extraction can be used to optimize fermentation processes. End-product reutilization, low product concentration and large volumes of fermentation broth and the requirements for large bioreactors, in addition to the high cost largely contributed to the decline in fermentative 2,3-butanediol production. Extraction can successfully be ...

 Using the concept of system signature introduced by Samaniego (1985), Kochar et al. (1999) compared the lifetimes of the systems in which the lifetimes of the components are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables. Their results are extended to the systems with exchangeable components by Navarro et al. (2005). This paper gives some alternative proofs to obtain th...

introduction: the preparation of seasonal influenza virus vaccines and especially its large-scale production requirement after the emergence or reemergence of a pandemic will need an alternative host cell system due to current suboptimal methods and the insufficiency of embryonated chicken eggs needed for producing them. in response to the vital and increasing demand for alternative means for in...

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widely used by patients worldwide. Financial factors may influence the decision to use CAM. National Health Systems are requested to consider CAM in their health plans.

Conventional cage housing for laying hens evolved as a cost-effective egg production system. Complying with mandated hen housing alternatives would raise marginal production costs and require sizable capital investment. California data indicate that shifts from conventional cages to barn housing would likely cause farm-level cost increases of about 40% per dozen. The US data on production costs...

AI research at CMU is closely integrated with other activities in the Computer Science Department, and to a major degree with ongoing research in the Psychology Department. Although there are over 50 faculty, staff and graduate students involved in various aspects of AI research, there is no administratively (or physically) separate AI laboratory. To underscore the interdisciplinary nature of m...

Wheat is one of the world's most favoured food sources, reaching millions of people on a daily basis. However, its production has climatic consequences. Fuel, inorganic fertilizers and pesticides used in wheat production emit greenhouse gases that can contribute negatively to climate change. It is unknown whether adopting alternative farming practices will increase crop yield while reducing car...

In most production-inventory systems, the products are transferred from the production centre to the inventory (warehouse) in subbatchs rather than one at a time. In this paper, mathematical models of such systems for both deterministic and stochastic cases of demand are developed and analysed. Comparison of these new models with the EBQ model shows a considerable loss when applying the ru...

The Nigerian rice sector has made remarkable improvement in the last decade as production has increased significantly thereby reducing the gap between domestic supply and demand. In the last three decades, rice imports make up greater proportion of Nigerian imports as rice forms a structural component of the Nigerian diet. Past government inconsistent policies were not successful in securing go...