Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal cell loss associated with membrane cholesterol release. 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OH-Chol) is an enzymatically oxidized product of cholesterol mainly synthesized in the brain. We tested the hypothesis that plasma levels of this oxysterol could be used as a putative biochemical ma...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is multisystem and multifactor disease with a long no-symptom stage. We propose that a more effective approach to use fMRI as a still emerging, repeatable, non- invasive neuroimaging tools that can be very useful for evaluating, diagnosis, treatment and drugs- development. We studied 30 articles which published between 2008-2017 that included the effects of different bi...

The neuropathologic examination is considered to provide the gold standard for Alzheimer disease (AD). To determine the accuracy of currently used clinical diagnostic methods, clinical and neuropathologic data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, which gathers information from the network of National Institute on Aging (NIA)-sponsored Alzheimer Disease Centers (ADCs), were collect...

Cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes have been identified as diagnostic markers for Alzheimer disease (AD). Substrate-based probes synthesised to detect ChEs but they not detected changes in ChE distribution associated with AD pathology. Probes are typically screened using spectrophotometric methods pure enzyme specificity and kinetics. However, the biochemical properties of pathology altered. The pres...

Background: Depression is considered a psychological risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We sought to examine the differential associations of depression severity with cognitive decline, clinical progression mild impairment (MCI) or AD, and neuroimaging markers AD in cognitively normal older adults. Methods: A total 522 (CN) participants who underwent assessments (longitudinal geriatric s...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular beta-amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles. AD-related pathology is often accompanied by vascular changes. The predominant vascular lesions in AD are cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and arteriosclerosis. Platelets circulate along the vessel wall responding immediately to vascular injury. The aim of the present study was to exp...

Introduction It is now almost100 years ago that the first victim with severe dementia associated with neuronal cell death was studied by Alois Alzheimer. By that time such cases were very unusual and Alois Alzheimer had the chance to see only two patients throughout his life. Now Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a very frequent disorder, which affects millions worldwide. Only within Germany, about 1...

Identifying genes underlying complex diseases/traits that generally involve multiple etiological mechanisms and contributing genes is difficult. Although microarray technology has enabled researchers to investigate gene expression changes, but identifying pathobiologically relevant genes remains a challenge. To address this challenge, we apply a new method for selecting the disease-relevant gen...

Background: The memory impairment, obtained from intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of streptozotocin (STZ) in rats through activation of oxidative stress, is accepted as sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model in most experimental studies. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent is widely used in animal studies to have antioxidant effects as well. However, no report is available ab...