heteropoly acids (hpa) and their salts have advantages as catalysts which make them both economically and environmentally attractive, strong br?nsted acidity, exhibiting fast reversible multi-electron redox transformations under rather mild conditions, very high solubility in polar solvents, fairly high thermal stability in the solid states, and efficient oxidizing ability, so that they are imp...

among the low–dimensional allotropes of carbon, nanotubes and graphene have attracted very much attention from nano–science and nanotechnology specialists. they have been proposed as building blocks in nanometer device engineering. however, these structures are not defect–free. in this thesis, we focused on defective carbon nanotubes and graphene, and studied the effect of couple of very common...

abstractof two mcall programs introducing 100 vocabulary items through two im the researcher of the present study was intrigued to compare the effects age modalities (pictures and streaming video) with those of a conventional method (teacher instruction) in an efl context. she set out to investigate whether such multimedia environments could provide a more effective environment for vocabulary...

‏‎translation as a comunicative process is always said to be associated with various aspects of meaning loss or gain. subtitling as a mode of translating, due to special discoursal and textual conditions imposed upon it, is believed to be an obvious case of this loss or gain. presenting the spoken sound track of a film in writing and synchronizing the perception of this text by the viewers with...

in new management approaches, in the organizations with inflexible structure, existing of red tapes and interruptions caused by limitations and also non-compliance with environmental changes, create demotivation among staff. with regard to the influence of job motivational potential and its relationship to the type of organizational structure( enabling and dissuasive), the goal of this research...

abstract in a protocol analysis of second language writing from 20 adult english as a foreign language (efl) iranian students, this research observed how language-switching (l-s), i.e., first language use in l2 writing, was affected by l2 proficiency. switching interactively between first (l1) and second (l2) languages has been recognized as one of the salient characteristics of l2 writing....

abstract type-ii fuzzy logic has shown its superiority over traditional fuzzy logic when dealing with uncertainty. type-ii fuzzy logic controllers are however newer and more promising approaches that have been recently applied to various fields due to their significant contribution especially when the noise (as an important instance of uncertainty) emerges. during the design of type- i fuz...

the present study sought to investigate the impact of using mind-mapping technique instruction on female elementary efl learners reading comprehension; it also investigated their attitudes towards using mind-mapping technique as a tool to improve their reading comprehension. this study followed a quasi-experimental design with two intact groups as experimental, and control groups. the participa...

this study explored reading strategy use of tefl ma students when they read academic research articles in english. the purpose of this study was to investigate how this group of readers typically approaches reading academic research articles related to their field of study, and also what they do in reading such research articles. the aim of the present study was bilateral. first, the researcher...

abstract this study investigated the predictability of variables from a motivational framework as well as individuals qualities to predict three non-linguistic outcomes of language learning. gardners socio-educational model with its measures has been used in the current study. individual qualities presented in this study include (1) age, (2) gender, and (3) language learning experience. the...