To further our understanding of the nature of the form–function mapping in anaphoric paradigms, this study investigated the referential properties of strong pronouns (long pronouns) in Estonian. Cross-linguistically, 2 main accounts of the long–short distinction have been proposed: the salience account (long pronouns refer to less salient antecedents) and the contrast account (long pronouns ref...

This article explored the use of Indonesian pronouns by young people in Indonesia. The way which they erodes culture encoded pronouns. They kamu (you, second-person singular pronoun), kalian plural kita (we (you and me), first-person kami (not including you), pronoun) that do not comply with grammar. data was collected observing language used among younger generation online everyday speech. ana...

In this paper, we deal with games with fuzzy payoffs. We proved that players who are playing a zero-sum game with fuzzy payoffs against Nature are able to increase their joint payoff, and hence their individual payoffs by cooperating. It is shown that, a cooperative game with the fuzzy characteristic function can be constructed via the optimal game values of the zero-sum games with fuzzy payoff...

Stippling is an artistic rendering technique where shading and texture is given by placing points or stipples on the canvas until the desired darkness is achieved. Computergenerated stippling has focused on producing high quality 2D renditions for print media, while stippling of 3D models in animations has received little attention. After describing current advances in stippling for print media...

To test the hypothesis that pleasure from artistic music is intellectual while that from popular music is physiological, this study investigated the different functional mechanisms between aesthetic appreciation of artistic and popular music using fMRI. 18 male non-musicians were scanned while they performed an aesthetic rating task for excerpts of artistic music, popular music and musical note...

Anaphora and resumption, phenomena which intuitively seem to challenge resource sensitivity, have been argued to support its role in Glue. The resource deletion treatment of resumption in LFG Glue presented by Asudeh (2004) was designed to work together with the Glue resource duplication treatment of anaphora (Dalrymple et al., 1999). However, as ‘resumptive pronouns’ are mere pronouns, the cho...

This paper evaluates the different tasks carried out in the translation of pronominal anaphora in a machine translation (MT) system. The MT interlingua approach named AGIR (Anaphora Generation with an Interlingua Representation) improves upon other proposals presented to date because it is able to translate intersentential anaphors, detect co-reference chains, and translate Spanish zero pronoun...

The research investigated how comprehenders use structural information during co-reference resolution of the pronouns her, him, and his. In Experiment 1, participants read sentences containing the pronoun her in object position, functioning as SPEC or NP and preceded by one of three types of NPs in subject position (e.g., ‘‘Mary/Mark/They saw her friend/yesterday. . .’’). In Experiment 2, addit...

Digital games are one of the major and most important fields on the entertainment domain, which also involves cinema and music. Numerous attempts have been done to improve the quality of the games including more realistic artistic production and computer science. Assessing the player’s behavior, a task known as player modeling, is currently the need of the hour which leads to possible improveme...