: Multidirectional instability (MDI) of the shoulder is characterized by generalized capsular laxity and symptomatic in more than one direction with as inferior. Generalized ligamentous specifically laxity, has been associated female athletes. While males are at a higher risk due to number extrinsic factors including participation contact/collision activities, females particularly susceptible M...

Low energy availability in athletes is an insufficiently researched phenomenon due to lack of a universal methodology. Current objective and subjective methods for assessing low accuracy, are not used with standardized approach fail provide comparable, consistent results. Research male even more challenging than females. It still known what the threshold when negative effects on health performa...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate perceptions of three different psychological interventions in the context of sport injury rehabilitation. In Experiment 1, college students ( N = 161) rated their perceptions of goal setting, imagery, or counseling as an adjunct to physical therapy for a hypothetical injured athlete. In Experiment 2, injured athletes (N = 20) received brief introductor...

The cessation of menstrual function in the female athlete may reflect her inability to adapt to the environmental and lifestyle stressors associated with training and competition. As society's emphasis on thinness, dieting, and exercise continues to increase, so will the incidence of menstrual dysfunction in active females. Unfortunately, some individuals view athletic menstrual dysfunction as ...

Elite Indian athletes who were undergoing training at the NIS, Patiala for the preparation of IX Asian Games held in Delhi in 1982, suffered 317 injuries during the 14 months of training. Of the injuries 64 per cent were observed in males, while 36 per cent were observed in females. Most of the injuries seen were in the lower limbs (59.2 per cent) and when classified according to the tissues in...

Objective: We present a case of a unique pathophysiological injury involving severe dehydration, muscle cramping, and resultant rhabdomyolysis in a high school football player. Background: A 16 y old male football player (body mass = 69.1 kg, height =175.3 cm) reported to the ATC after the morning session on the second day of two-adays complaining of severe muscle pain and cramping. Upon arriva...

Elite athletes endeavour to train and compete even when ill or injured. Their motivation may be intrinsic or due to coach and team pressures. The sports medicine physician plays an important role to risk-manage the health of the competing athlete in partnership with the coach and other members of the support team. The sports medicine physician needs to strike the right ethical and operational b...