abstract introduction: cardiovascular fitness as the ability of the system - respiratory and skeletal muscle to achieve a certain level of activity is defined as, where after spinal cord injury can be reduced through exercise can increase this capacity. objective: the objective of this study, veterans with spinal cord injury spirometric indices in various athletic sports (archery, wheelchairran...

results our study comprised 739 subjects (367 athletes and 372 non-athletes). among athletic university students, 152 (41.2%) participants complained of headache. such a complaint was present in 217 (58.3%) non-athletic university students. this lower prevalence of headache in athletes was statistically significant (p value < 0.001). among ten different sports fields, the prevalence of headache...

BACKGROUND Widespread use of supplements is observed among world athletes in different fields. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and determinants of using supplements among body builder athletes. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 men and 250 women from 30 different bodybuilding clubs. Participants were asked to complete a self-administered standardized...

Visual has always been recognized as one of the most important sensory systems involved in the implementation of many athletic skills because of the close and necessary relationship with performing the movements, and it is considered particularly important by specialists in learning and motor control. Today, in addition to assessing the key indices in athletic performance (physical, medical, ps...

purpose to assess the anthropometric characteristics and dietary intake of the greek national cross-country skiing team. methods thirty-three athletes (10 females aged 20 ± 5 years; 23 males aged 20 ± 6 years old) participated in the study. all athletes were members of the greek national ski team, and they had been selected to take part in the winter olympics, world ski championships, european ...

The Paralympic Games are the largest multisport event in the world for elite athletes with a physical disability (Canadian Paralympic Committee, 2006). Since its inception in 1960, the number of athletes participating in the Paralympics has increased 10-fold, from 400 athletes representing 23 countries at the first Paralympic Games in Rome to approximately 4,000 athletes from 146 countries at t...

The purpose of this study was to explore growth following the experience stressors and compare experiences elite athletes who exhibit higher lower levels growth. Six (five female one male) participated in a semi-structured interview. Three reported experiencing levels, three Interpretative phenomenological analysis revealed that understanding self, development athletic identity, social support ...

This paper reviews studies of supplement use among child and adolescent athletes, focusing on prevalence and type of supplement use, as well as gender comparisons. Supplement use among adult athletes has been well documented however there are a limited number of studies investigating supplement use by child and adolescent athletes. A trend in the current literature revealed that the most freque...