We studied the rate of urinary excretion of albumin, alpha 1-microglobulin (as an indicator of the renal tubular involvement), sodium, potassium, and creatinine in the basal state (overnight urine collection) and after physical exercise (training session) in 10 professional cyclists, to verify whether protein excretion is increased even in well-trained athletes after physical effort. In additio...

Objective: To establish whether type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has a long-term effect on bone development in children and adolescents. Methods: Bone characteristics and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were analyzed crosssectionally at study start in 41 (19f/22m) patients and reevaluated after 5.56 ± 0.4 years using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). We hypothesize that bone ...

purpose this study aimed to assess the rate of tobacco consumption among professional athletes in iran and assessing their knowledge and attitude in this regard. methods a total of 738 athletes from 10 different types of sports were evaluated. athletes were all members of the priority leagues. after obtaining consent from the physical education organization and coordination with the related fed...

Introduction: The present study assessed the effects of conditioning activities, using different effort-to-pause ratios and rest intervals, on taekwondo physical performance. Methods: Twenty-one athletes (13 males 8 females) (Mean ± SD; age = 20.4 1.4 years) performed a control (CC) twelve experimental conditions. Each condition contained standard warm-up (i.e., CC: running at 9 km/h for 10 min...

Leadership research that examines follower characteristics as a potential moderator of leadership effectiveness is lacking. Within Bass's (1985) transformational leadership framework, we examined follower narcissism as a moderator of the coach behavior-coach effectiveness relationship. Youth athletes (male = 103, female = 106) from the Singapore Sports Academy (mean age = 14.28, SD = 1.40 years...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the hormonal response to strenuous endurance exercise performed by elite athletes. METHODS Nine professional cyclists (mean (SD) age 28 (1) years; mean (SD) VO(2)MAX 75.3 (2.3) ml/kg/min) who participated in a three week tour race (Vuelta a España 1999) were selected as subjects. Morning urinary levels of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) and morning serum levels of testost...

Relative Age Effects (RAEs) refer to the selection and performance differentials between children and youth who are categorized in annual-age groups. In the context of Swiss 60m athletic sprinting, 7761 male athletes aged 8 - 15 years were analysed, with this study examining whether: (i) RAE prevalence changed across annual age groups and according to performance level (i.e., all athletes, Top ...

The purpose was to examine musculoskeletal disorders in Norwegian female biathlon athletes (age ≥ 16), both juniors and seniors. The design was a retrospective cross-sectional study. In all, 148 athletes (79.1%) responded; of these, 118 athletes were 16-21 years (juniors) (77.6%), and 30 athletes were 22 years or older (seniors) (20.3%), and mean age was 19.1. A validated questionnaire was used...