In 2005, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning about atypical antipsychotics being associated with an increased risk of mortality in elderly patients treated for dementiarelated psychosis; in 2008, a similar warning about typical antipsychotics followed. Both types of antipsychotics, by their natures, are not indicated for the treatment of dementia-related psychosis. Thus, ...

OBJECTIVE Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is the principal adverse effect of long-term treatment with conventional antipsychotic agents. Several mechanisms may exist for this phenomenon. Mechanisms for the lower incidence of TD with atypical antipsychotics also remain to be fully understood. We undertook to explore and better understand these mechanisms. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of...

All atypical antipsychotics avoid extrapyramidal side-effects yet differ in their propensity to cause other side-effects, like prolactin elevation. We proposed that the atypical antipsychotics with a propensity for prolactin elevation would show a higher pituitary versus striatal D2 receptor occupancy. To investigate this hypothesis, we tested four atypical antipsychotics, two that are commonly...

Pediatric primary care providers increasingly are expected to evaluate and manage child mental health conditions.1 To do so effectively, it is important for pediatric providers to develop their knowledge and skills in this area.2 Aggression is one of the most common problems facing child clinicians, and many interventions have been shown to be effective for these problems. While psychosocial in...

PURPOSE To investigate the correlates of a clinical therapeutic response by using the parameters measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy after the administration of atypical antipsychotics. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients with schizophrenia were monitored for 12 months. The patients were evaluated using (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscop...

Compared to adult onset schizophrenia, childhood onset schizophrenia (COS) is considered to be a more severe form of the disorder and recent evidence suggests that early detection and treatment can lead to improvement in the outcome of COS. The mainstay of treatment of COS is antipsychotic medications. This article reviews the data with respect to usefulness of various typical antipsychotics, c...

OBJECTIVE To review the existing literature on the efficacy and tolerability of antipsychotics for adolescent psychosis. The review focuses in particular on literature regarding adverse effects that are thought to have an increased incidence in young patients and on the possible neurobiological bases for such differential sensitivity. METHOD Pertinent studies were sought using Medline searche...

BACKGROUND Atypical antipsychotics provide better control of the negative and affective symptoms of schizophrenia when compared with conventional neuroleptics; nevertheless, their heightened ability to improve cognitive dysfunction remains a matter of debate. This study aimed to examine the changes in cognition associated with long-term antipsychotic treatment and to evaluate the effect of the ...

Behavioral and psychological symptoms are often apparent and major issues in elderly patients with dementia, and are potentially the cause of the caregiver’s stress, thus leading these patients to nursing homes. Aging is a major risk factor for dementia, and using antipsychotics due to behavioral psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) present a challenge task in geriatric psychopharmacology,...