limited information exists on mortality rates and it’s causes on iranian broiler farms. in the present study, mortality rate, etiology and risk factors associated with mortality rate in broiler flocks, were evaluated.178 folders related to the mortality of broilers which were covered by the national insurance program for broilers in mashhad, from 21 march 2011 to 20 march 2012, were investigate...

background and objectives: informal payment in the health settings is a significant challenge facing the health system, with consequences such as inequity in access to healthcare services, distrust to health care system, and dissatisfied customers. detailed identification of the nature of the problem is perquisite to developing relevant overcoming strategies. given that, this study aimed at pro...

The annual surveys of the American Hospital Association historically have been only national source of statistics on hospital structure and performance. Although valuable, this source has not provided the policy or research community with hospital-specific information on revenues, assets, and financial status. Data on these and other variables from heretofore unpublished Medicare cost report da...

The current economic and financial crisis situation, in general, and the real-estate crisis, in particular, have favoured the introduction of new banking products, especially loans, which, on the one hand, try to make the investment in housing attractive through novel mortgage loans and, on the other hand, to adapt to the possible financial difficulties of the borrower. In effect, lot of famili...

BACKGROUND In response to increasing fiscal pressures, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) sought to reduce Medicare Advantage plan expenses by restructuring the bidding and payment processes. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of the ACA's payment freeze and restructuring of the bidding and payment processes on favorable risk selection in Medicare Advantage plan enrollment (objective...

Taking into account the economic capabilities, competitive advantages and environment dynamics, this research presents a new physical flow optimization model by considering payment period, time value of money and exchange rate fluctuations. Considering the actual circumstances of the current case study in the global value chain, a single-objective non-linear mathematical model is presented for ...

We evaluated the effects of the 2010 revision of the medical payment system on the length of stay (LOS). In this analysis, we assessed not only the average length of stay (ALOS), but also variance of LOS at individual hospitals. We used a dataset of 18,641 type 2 diabetes patients collected from 51 general hospitals. The variables found to affect LOS were age, comorbidities, complications, acut...

By the end of 1980, the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program was making monthly cash assistance payments, averaging $170, to almost 4.2 million aged, blind, and disabled persons. When SSI payments began in January 1974, the number of recipients was 3.2 million and the average payment was $117. Since 1975, both SSI payments and Social Security benefits have been automatically adjusted each...

Traditional microeconomic modeling of public transport (usually a single line) has been based on aggregated demand description, that is, total ridership along a line and average journey length. This way, aggregation is spatial rather than temporal, as most public transport systems are designed for the period of largest demand. With this approach, various authors have formulated optimization mod...