Investigation on structure and dynamics of natural forest ecosystems is an important issue for silvicultural decisions. The aim of this study is to analysis dynamics and structure of a beech stand during 5-year period in the Shast Kalateh forest in the Caspian region, North of Iran. Data were collected from a 16.9ha permanent research plot established in a natural unlogged stand in 2006. All li...

Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests exhibit lower annual atmospheric methane consumption rates than do European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests. In the current study, pmoA (encoding a subunit of membrane-bound CH(4) monooxygenase) genes from three temperate forest ecosystems with both beech and spruce stands were analyzed to assess the potential effect of tree species on methanotrophic communit...

The objective of this research is to study the effect fungal decay on mechanical and physical characteristics thermally treated wood flour-plastic composites. First, chips (Fagus orientalis L.) were for 30 120 minutes at three various temperatures (120, 150, 180 °C) under saturated vapor in a steaming vessel they ground (40 60 mesh size) by wily mill machine. Then polypropylene (PP), beech flou...

the establishment and survival of seedlings is one of the main objectives of forest management which ensures continues production. the aim of this article is the investigation of dead trees effect on beech and hornbeam seedlings in masal's forests. for this reason, 30 dead trees were selected, and the control trees were selected in four aspects around the dead trees. they were the same as ...

Background and Purpose: It is widely accepted that south-European peninsulas were major refugial areas from where European beech, Fagus sylvatica L., spread to the rest of Europe in the Holocene. The aim of this paper is to review and evaluate all the available data and present different types of evidence, some of them new or overlooked until now, to support the hypothesis on the existence of g...

The fossilized birth-death (FBD) model can make use of information contained in multiple fossils representing the same clade, and we here apply this model to infer divergence times in beeches (genus Fagus), using 53 fossils and nuclear sequences for all nine species. We also apply FBD dating to the fern clade Osmundaceae, with about 12 living species and 36 fossils. Fagus nuclear sequences cann...

An enzymatically active recombinant protein kinase, previously isolated and characterized in Fagus sylvatica L. dormant seeds (FsPK1), was used to obtain a specific polyclonal antibody against this protein. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis of FsPK1 protein in beech seeds showed a strong immunostaining in the nucleus of the cells located in the vascular tissue of the embryonic axi...