Multiple self-proclaimed experts claim that they know the probabilities of future events. A tester does not know the odds of future events and she also does not know whether, among the multiple experts, there are some who do know the relevant probabilities. So the tester requires each expert to announce, before any data are observed, the probabilities of all future events. A test either rejects...

An important, but largely unexplored, class of bargaining problems involve two negotiators, who send signals to a third party. One of the most important, but simple, cases within this class is the policy-setting process between Congress and the president. We develop a model where Congress makes a makes a take-it-orleave-it o er to the president (a bill), who either accepts or rejects (signs or ...

How to cite this article: Van den Berg, M.E.S., 2012, ‘Human reproductive cloning and biotechnology: Rational, ethical and public concerns’, Koers – Bulletin for Christian Scholarship 77(2), Art. #412, 9 pages. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.4102/koers.v77i2.412 Previous research indicates a lack of clear international guidelines on the permissibility of embryonic stem cell research and human reproducti...

The ease of Internet stock trading has lured relatively inexperienced investors into the financial markets. We study the consequences of the influx of these uninformed traders with a dynamic equilibrium framework. Our results show that these strategic uninformed online traders who adopt feedback strategies cannot outperform those who do not follow feedback strategies and that feedback trading c...

substitute - either the sale or the price - needs to be clearly determined in terms of amount, substance or material, and any characteristics influencing the fee. and, the condition for the validity of the deal is that the two sides completely know and be aware of the contract being negotiated. thus, if one side is mindful (informed) of the contract but the other is ignorant (uninformed), the d...

An expectancy account of figure-ground shifts, promoted as an alternative to satiation theory, was tested. One-hundred and three subjects in six conditions (Experiment 1) were either informed or uninformed about 12 to 13 ambiguous figures, and had either unlimited time or 30 sec in which to respond. In two of the conditions, head and eye movements were restricted, and in one condition, incident...

the present writing seeks to explain the concepts of ummas and the ethnic exclusivism in light of the holy scripture and the concept of ummī (illiterate) and ummiyūn, in the holy qur’ān. is the title ummī equivalent to polytheist and idolater or is it applied to the gentile people? similarly, does the prophet muḥammad’s (s.a.w.) being called ummī in the qur’ān concern his being illiterate, or, ...