this writing deals with the role and status of the qur'an's culture in composing dissertations. first, the writer asserts the necessity of formulating the qur'an's culture and the criteria observed in it; then, introduces the challenges in composing dissertations which include: finding a suitable subject, access to reliable references, accurate planning, finding the way to t...

This paper considers an investor who, at a cost, can acquire a signal about whether an entrepreneurial project will generate positive surplus. The problem for the potentially informed investor is that uninformed investors can compete to provide funding and the informed investor’s contract offer conveys a signal to the entrepreneur about the project’s likely payoffs, affecting the attractiveness...

A large variety of markets, such as retail markets for gasoline or mortgage markets, are characterized by a small number of firms offering a fairly homogenous product at virtually the same cost, while consumers, being uninformed about this cost, sequentially search for low prices. The present paper provides a theoretical examination of this type of market, and confronts the theory with data on ...

BACKGROUND Although the attitude among doctors toward disclosing a cancer diagnosis is becoming more positive, informing patients of their disease has not yet become a common practice in Japan. We examined the psychological process, from hospitalization until death, among uninformed terminal cancer patients in Japan, and developed a psychological model. METHODS Terminal cancer patients hospit...

I analyze a bilateral bargaining model with one-sided uncertainty about time preferences. The uninformed player has the option of halting the bargaining process to obtain additional information, when it is his turn to offer. In general, the uninformed player does not collect information when he is quite sure about his opponent’s type. I identify preference settings in which the uninformed playe...