Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) varies in animals from male biased to female biased. The evolution of SSD is potentially influenced by a number of factors, such as territoriality, fecundity, and temporal breeding patterns (explosive vs. prolonged). In general, frogs show female-biased SSD with broad variance among species. Using comparative methods, we examine how different selective forces affect...

Oligopolistic pricing decisions in which the choice variable is not dichotomous as in the simple prisoner's dilemma but continuous have been modeled as a generalized prisoner's dilemma (GPD) by Fader and Hauser, who sought, in the two MIT Computer Strategy Tournaments, to obtain an effective generalization of Rapoport ' s Tit for Tat for the three-person repeated game. Holland's genetic algorit...

The objective of the current study was to determine the consequences of using indirect carcass measurements on the genetic response and rate of inbreeding in broiler breeding programs. In the base breeding scheme, selection candidates were evaluated based on direct carcass measurements on relatives. The possibilities of using indirect carcass measurements were investigated in alternative breedi...

Calving ease is of economic importance in dairy cattle and should be considered in breeding programs. Economic values of direct and maternal calving ease were derived based on cost-benefit analysis and gene flow methodology. Marginal returns from dystocia reduction in primiparous dams were -$43 per phenotypic standard deviation compared with $300 for production. For an average mate, numbers of ...

O pricing decisions—in which the choice variable is not dichotomous as in the simple Prisoner’s Dilemma but continuous—have been modeled as a Generalized Prisoner’s Dilemma (GPD) by Fader and Hauser, who sought, in the two MIT Computer Strategy Tournaments, to obtain an effective generalization of Rapoport’s Tit for Tat for the threeperson repeated game. Holland’s genetic algorithm and Axelrod’...

In the context of coastal marshland reduction due to sea level rise, we evaluated value fragmented reed beds located within agricultural polders for conservation habitats exploited by passerines characterized different ecological requirements. Although our study was carried out sites sampled over years, analyses body condition and diet birds during breeding period, as well local daily survival ...

Abstract Sugarcane breeding programs aim to deliver new high-yielding varieties, resistant diseases and pests, which contribute profitability sustainability of cane industries. These generally mobilize significant experimental, technological human resources on long-term basis. Their efficiency in terms genetic gains per unit cost time their ability release varieties rely the development many ap...