The environmental irritant chloroform, a naturally occurring small volatile organohalogen, briefly became the world’s most popular volatile general anesthetic (VGA) before being abandoned because of its low therapeutic index. When chloroform comes in contact with skin or is ingested, it causes a painful burning sensation. The molecular basis for the pain associated with chloroform remains unkno...

Chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane, and bromoform comprise the trihalomethanes, a group of widespread and mildly lipophilic compounds that result from water chlorination and other sources. Many animal studies show the chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of these compounds, and recent work has demonstrated the importance of both ingestion and inhalation exposure pathways. Th...

Many substances in the tall fescue/endophyte association (Schedonorus arundinaceus/Epichloë coenophiala) have biological activity. Of these compounds only the ergot alkaloids are known to have significant mammalian toxicity and the predominant ergot alkaloids are ergovaline and ergovalinine. Because synthetically produced ergovaline is difficult to obtain, we developed a seed extraction and par...

The specific protonation state of amino acids is crucial for the physicochemical properties of proteins and their biological functions. These protonation states influence, for instance, properties related to hydrogen bonding, solubility, and folding. pKa calculations for proteins are, therefore, important and require, in principle, a specification of the most stable protonated and deprotonated ...

• Hydroxychavicol is one of the bioactive compounds in Piper betle . The boiling process enhanced phenolic compounds' recovery. Chloroform a good solvent to attract hydroxychavicol from water extract. extraction method affects on yield and biological activities extracts. designation single compound as chemical marker might not be enough. Linn most common ethnomedicinal plants with its extract b...

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Coleus forskohlii L. stem extract in Al-Baha area, Saudi Arabia. Stem samples were collected from area air-dried followed by extraction with ethanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol. The extracts then subjected determination activities. Results s...

Kalanchoe pinnata formerly known as Bryophyllum pinnatum , is a herbaceous species native to tropical regions such Africa. In Brazil, it was successfully introduced and propagated, being commonly used in communities far from large capitals. The juice of the leaves usually treatment inflammatory diseases, gastric ulcers, burns, diarrhea vomiting, insect bites body aches. literature, compounds an...

Brycon is one of the main genera of Neotropical freshwater fish. In Brazil, Brycon species have been found in many hydrographic basins, such as the Amazon, Paraná, Paraguay, and Araguaia-Tocantins basins. We examined the phylogenetic relationships among the species Brycon orbignyanus, B. hilarii, B. cf. pesu, B. cephalus, B. falcatus, and B. gouldingi, using mitochondrial and nuclear molecular ...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that elevated exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water during gestation may result in adverse birth outcomes. However, the findings of these studies remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to examine the association between blood biomarkers of late pregnancy exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water...