UNLABELLED Inclusion body disease (IBD) is an infectious fatal disease of snakes typified by behavioral abnormalities, wasting, and secondary infections. At a histopathological level, the disease is identified by the presence of large eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple tissues. To date, no virus or other pathogen has been definitively characterized or associated with the disease. U...

To the Editor: Reptiles are reservoirs of a wide variety of Salmonella serotypes, including all Salmonella enterica subspecies and S. bongori. In reptiles born in captivity or kept as pets, S. enterica subsp. enterica is frequently isolated (1). Salmonella strains are well adapted to reptiles, and they usually cause asymptomatic infections in such animals, while retaining pathogenicity for warm...

Background: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance is in need of a simple and robust method for diastolic function assessment that can be done with routine protocol sequences. Objective: To develop and validate a three-dimensional (3D) model-based volumetric assessment of diastolic function using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and compare the results obtained with the model with those obtained ...

Objective To translate, adapt and evaluate the properties of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy Patients with Diabetes, which is a questionnaire that evaluate diabetes knowledge. Methods A cross-sectional study with type 2 diabetes patients aged ≥60 years, seen at a public healthcare organization in the city of Sao Paulo (SP). After the development of the P...

Introduction The Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast is the largest volume hospital in the UK Hip Fracture Database. Management of displaced intra-capsular hip fractures is evolving in light of NICE2 and BOA guidelines3, with more patients receiving total hip replacement (THR) over hemi-arthroplasty. With current rationing within the NHS, it is vital that principles of the 'Getting It Right Firs...

OBJECTIVE to translate, adapt and validate the contents of the Diabetes Medical Management Plan for the Brazilian context. This protocol was developed by the American Diabetes Association and guides the procedure of educators for the care of children and adolescents with diabetes in schools. METHOD this methodological study was conducted in four stages: initial translation, synthesis of initi...

Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are areas identified as being important for the conservation of biodiversity due to the presence of threatened species or habitats, or particularly high levels of biodiversity. They are a useful concept for setting site conservation priorities, combining other categories such as biodiversity hotspots, Important Bird Areas and ‘ecoregions’. An analysis of the terres...

Catastrophic declines in biodiversity and habitat degradation have led scientists to debate both a sixth mass extinction the dawn of Anthropocene epoch, where humans are main driver environmental change (Chapin et al., 2000; Dirzo 2014). The loss keystone species, including seed dispersers, grazers apex predators, is particular concern as they cascading effects on ecosystems, disrupting process...