Diseases such as osteoporosis are associated with reduced bone mass. Therapies to prevent bone loss exist, but there are few that stimulate bone formation and restore bone mass. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGFβ superfamily, which act as pleiotropic regulators of skeletal organogenesis and bone homeostasis. Ablation of the BMPR1A receptor in osteoblasts increases bone m...

Biochemical markers of bone metabolism are divided into two groups: formation and resorption markers. Bone turnover is a dynamic process, which increases in postmenopausal period. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can diminish this increased bone turnover. Biochemical markers reflect acute changes in bone metabolism. Therefore, they may be very useful for the prediction of subsequent bone miner...

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized by extremely brittle bone. Currently, bisphosphonate drugs allow a decrease of fracture by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing bone mass but with possible long term side effects. Whole body mechanical vibrations (WBV) treatment may offer a promising route to stimulate bone formation in OI patients as it has exhibited health benefits on both mu...

Type 3 Gaucher disease (GD) manifests with hematologic, neurological and skeletal involvement including Erlenmeyer flask bone deformities, osteopenia, painful bone crises and fractures. We describe bilateral symmetric osteolytic lesions in a 22 year old with type 3 GD, chronically treated with enzyme replacement therapy. These atypical bone findings, previously reported in two similar patients ...

OBJECTIVES The keystone area has critical importance in maintaining the stability of the nasal dorsum. However, overlap patterns between structural components in the keystone area have rarely been studied, especially in the noses of Koreans. METHODS Dissections were performed on 18 cadaveric noses. The length and width of the structural components in the keystone area were measured. The shape...

Modic et al. in 1988 first described characteristic MRI changes in the vertebral body bone marrow and endplates, adjacent to degenerating intervertebral (iv) discs. Depending on the changes in T1 and T2 MRI signals, three types of lesions were identified: Type I lesions (low T1 and high T2 signal) are thought to be clinically active, due to increased blood flow within the bone. Type II lesions ...

Bone Regeneration In article 2201548 by Zhijian Xie, Jue Shi, and co-workers, a scaffold is designed based on the biomimetic mineralization theory, containing ultra-small particle size calcium phosphate nanoclusters (UsCCPs) with their 1–2 nm size. It can enhance bone strength characteristics promoting intrafibrillar promote M2 type polarization of macrophages, thus forming an immune microenvir...