Industrialization and increasing demand for the consumption of fossil fuels cause that energy becomes a strategic factor. Energy crisis and the emergence of modern architecture led designers to pay more attention to the important task of building's envelope. Building skins play an important role in building thermal behavior and reduce energy consumption. If Double Skin Facades properly designed...

Approximately 30% of Turkey's population lives in rural areas and they are seated structures, which called unreinforced masonry building (URM). These types buildings consist mudbrick structures with wooden carcasses, masonry-adobe supports, brick briquette supported by reinforced concrete lintels. The construction is easy low cost because the availability materials such as masonry, so it freque...

Comb building in mixed-species colonies of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera was studied. Two types of cell-size foundation were made from the waxes of these species and inserted into mixed colonies headed either by an A. cerana or an A. mellifera queen. The colonies did not discriminate between the waxes but the A. cerana cell-size foundation was modified during comb building by the workers of bo...

BACKGROUND Conservationists frequently use nest count surveys to estimate great ape population densities, yet the accuracy and precision of the resulting estimates are difficult to assess. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used mathematical simulations to model nest building behavior in an orangutan population to compare the quality of the population size estimates produced by two of the comm...

Nest size or nest-building activity has recently been hypothesized to be a postmating sexually selected signal in monogamous birds: females may assess a male’s parental quality and willingness to invest in reproduction by his participation in nest building. Females may thus adjust their reproductive effort (i.e. clutch size) not only to their own abilities but also to those of their mates. We i...